Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load(TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual model |
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Authors: | Harry XZHANG Shaw LYU |
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Institution: | (1) CH2M HILL, 15010 Conference Center Drive, Chantilly, VA 20151-3801, USA;(2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4742, USA |
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Abstract: | One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process is how to define the critical condition
for a receiving waterbody. The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that
the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period, given the scarcity of long-term
continuous data. The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process
and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody
impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution. A practical, event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was developed
to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude,
both having certain frequencies of occurrence. This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using
a derived analytical conceptual model. The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition, obtained reasonable results
and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development. |
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Keywords: | critical condition critical flow-storm (CFS) approach total maximum daily load (TMDL) conceptual model derived analytical model nonpoint source pollution |
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