设计初期化工过程本质安全化设计策略

该文提出了一种在设计初期进行化工过程本质安全化设计的策略。首先进行危险物质与危险能量两类共计11种危险类型的危险辨识。针对辨识出的危险类型,通过与相应的临界条件比较进行快速的危险评价,对于不可接受的危险必须采取本质安全化措施,可接受的危险可有选择性地进行本质安全化设计。在设计初期可以使用的本质安全化原则主要是消除、最小化、替代和缓和,针对11种危险类型可以应用不同的本质安全化设计模型,以使实际进行本质安全化设计时更加简单与快捷。该文把提出的本质安全化设计策略应用到一个甲苯硝化制硝基甲苯的工艺,形成了多种本质安全化措施,可以用来在设计初期消除或减少危险。

Methodology for inherent safer design of chemical process during early process of design

A methodology for inherent safer design of chemical process during early process of design was proposed.The hazard was identified firstly,including hazardous substances and hazardous energy which could be divided into 11 types of hazard.The 11 types of hazard were assessed by comparison with its corresponding threshold condition,respectively.For the types of hazard which was unaccepted,the inherent safer measures must be taken;for the accepted hazard,the inherent safer strategy could be taken selectively.The inherent safety principles which could be applied early in the phase of process design comprised of elimination,minimization,substitution and attenuation.The typical application of each principle in references was summarized as model for inherent safer design in this methodology.The different model for inherent safer design could be applied to eliminate or reduce different types of hazard,thus,the model was designated to the corresponding hazard so that it was simpler and faster for the users to use this methodology to do inherent safer design.The methodology was used to toluene nitration process as a case study and many inherent safer design measures that could be considered at early phase of design were put forward to remove or reduce the hazard in the process.