Effects of Traffic Management and Transport Mode on the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Carbon Monoxide |
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| Authors: | M R Ashmore K Batty F Machin J Gulliver A Grossinho P Elliott J Tate M Bell E Livesley D Briggs |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Environment Science, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK;(2) Nene Centre for Research, University College of Northampton, NN2 7AH, UK;(3) Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of Science Technology & Medicine, London, W2 1PG, UK;(4) Institute of Transport Studies, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK |
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| Abstract: | The exposure to CO of schoolchildren was assessed in the town of Northampton, UK, both by direct measurement and by GIS-based activity modelling. Personal measurement of CO showed that exposures when travelling by car were significantly greater than those when walking, although journey times by car were shorter. However, journey exposures had little effect on maximum 8h mean CO exposures. CO concentration fields in the study area were modelled from current traffic flows, and those expected under different traffic management scenarios. These fields were then used, in combination with children's home and school location, and their activity profiles, to simulate frequency distributions of exposure for different transport modes and traffic management scenarios. The results show a large variability in the effect of traffic management interventions, depending on the child's home and school location. |
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| Keywords: | carbon monoxide traffic management transport mode GIS |
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