Levels, sources and health risks of carbonyls and BTEX in the ambient air of Beijing, China |
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Authors: | Yujie Zhang Yujing Mu Junfeng Liu Abdelwahid Mellouki |
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Affiliation: | Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique - Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (CNRS-ICARE), 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Centre National de Recherche Scientifique - Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (CNRS-ICARE), 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France |
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Abstract: | The atmospheric concentrations of carbonyls and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene) were measured simultaneously at a same sampling site in Beijing from September 2008 to August 2010. The average concentrations of the total measured carbonyls during autumn, winter, spring, and summer were 37.7, 31.3, 39.7, 50.5 microg/m3, respectively, and maximal values for their diurnal variations usually happened at noontime. In contrast to carbonyls, the average concentrations of the total measured BTEX during the four seasons were 27.2, 31.9, 23.2, 19.1 microg/m3, respectively, and minimal values for their diurnal variations always occurred in the early afternoon. The average concentration for carbonyls increased about 24% from September 2008-August 2009 to September 2009-August 2010, for BTEX, increased about 15%. Integrated life time cancer risks for three carcinogens (benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in Beijing exceeded the value of 1E-06, and the hazard quotient (HQ) of non-cancer risk of exposure to formaldehyde exceeded unity. |
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Keywords: | carbonyls BTEX sources exposure and risk assessment Beijing |
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