提高区域生态环境质量综合评价水平的新思路--GIS与层次分析法的结合

区域生态环境质量综合评价涉及众多要素，同时又需要反映生态环境质量状况的空间格局。层次分析法在多要素综合评价方面具有独特优势，而GIS技术拥有强大的空间分析能力，将GIS与层次分析法相结合应用于江苏省生态环境质量综合评价，可以充分发挥两种方法的优势。首先，根据江苏省生态环境的基本特点确定生态环境质量综合评价的指标体系和基本评价单元，通过层次分析法，确定各评价指标的权重，计算出每个评价单元的生态环境质量综合指数和分指数；然后运用GIS技术，根据每个评价单元的质量指数和分指数，自动生成江苏省生态环境综合评价等级图；在此基础上，对江苏省生态环境整体及各不同侧面质量状况的空间分异规律进行分析和研究。结果显示，江苏省生态环境质量基本上由南向北逐渐降低，与自然环境状况的空间格局大体吻合，但局部地区有差异。表明自然条件对江苏省生态环境质量的空间分异起决定性作用，但社会经济和环境污染等因素同样对生态环境具有重要影响，在某些情况下，甚至可以成为决定因素，并在一定程度上改变生态环境的空间格局。

A NEW METHOD THAT CAN IMPROVE REGIONAL ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION --COMBINING GIS WITH AHP

The regional eco-environmental evaluation index system involves many indexes, and the result of regional eco-environmental evaluation should reflect the spatial pattern of regional eco-environment. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has the special advantage in multi-indexes evaluation and the GIS is good at spatial analysis. The combination of GIS with AHP will develop the capabilities of each method fully: first, to set up the eco-environmental evaluation index system based on the eco-environmental characteristic of Jiangsu province. Then, to calculating the weight of each index and the value of each evaluation cell by AHP, and finally, draw to the map of the eco-environmental evaluation of the whole province automatically by GIS .It was found that eco-environmental quality of Jinagsu Province decreases from south to north.With exception in a few areas, the spatial pattern of eco-environment is consistent with that of natural environment. It indicates that natural factors will choose the spatial pattern of eco-environment in Jiangsu Province. However, some other factors such as society, economy and environmental pollution can also affect the eco-environment and influence its spatial pattern in some cases.