中国城乡居民食品消费变化趋势分析

基于能值理论，对比动物性荤食和植物性素食重量形态、能量形态和能值形态的数量关系，定量分析我国城乡居民食品消费的变化趋势及特征。研究表明: 2010年我国城乡居民热量、重量和能值形态的动物性荤食分别占食品消费总量的1190%、911%和7029%，一方面我国城乡居民食品消费中动物性荤食的重量形态和能量形态的数值远低于其植物性素食，说明我国城乡居民食品消费仍然以素食消费为主，另一方面其动物性荤食的能值形态数值已经远超其植物性素食，表明其居民食物消费方式已经向营养均衡多样化方向演替，畜牧业的健康发展是保障居民食品消费和国家粮食安全的重要部分。2010年城镇和农村居民荤食消费能值分别为110 E+15和631 E+14 sej，分别是其素食消费的172和079倍，说明我国城乡居民食品消费整体还表现出二元性特征，按城乡居民荤素食品结构变化演变趋势可推断城乡食品消费品质相差约20 a，并且近年来城乡人均食品消费结构差异程度呈逐年增加的趋势，同时农民且有农产品生产者和消费者的双重身份，因此相对而言农村居民对食品消费的增长趋势更加稳定。又由于相同数量的动物性荤食在生产过程中需要占用更多的农业资源，因此我国城乡居民食品消费变化对其农业生产和粮食安全生产必将产生更大的压力

ANALYSIS ON FOOD CONSUMPTION CHANGE TENDENCY OF CHINESE URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS

Food is an important part of resident consumption and its changes in quantity and structural can directly reflect the resident living level.Since the 90s of the 20 th century,with the continuous and rapid development of the economy in China,residents are much richer than before,and the urban and rural resident food consumption structure is undergoing a tremendous change,which would have an important impact on agricultural production and food security of our country to some extent.Therefore,the research on resident food consumption change attracts more and more scholars′ academic concerns.Our Chinese scholars mainly research on the changes of resident food consumption from economic value and weight aspects at present.As the volatility of market value and diversity of food consumption pattern,the above research methods can’t objectively measure the resident food consumption structure changes.Therefore,to avoid the above shortcomings,this paper contrasts the quantitative relationship of animal food and vegetarian food separately in weight,energy and emergy forms and quantitatively analyzes the change tendency of Chinese urban and rural resident food consumption based on emergy analysis theory.The research results show that Chinese resident animal food consumption in weight and energy forms were 1190% and 911% of vegetarian diet,while that in emergy form was 7029%.As the values of Chinese resident animal food consumption in weight and energy forms was far below its vegetarian consumption,Chinese urban and rural resident food consumption was still vegetarian diet.But the value of its resident animal food consumption in emergy form was far more than its vegetable consumption,which means that the healthy development of animal husbandry is an important part of guaranteeing resident food consumption and national food security and it would conduce to the succession of diversity and balanced nutrition.At the same time ,Chinese urban and rural resident food consumption also took on duality.In 2010,the values of Chinese urban and rural animal food consumption in emergy form were 110 E+15 sej and 631 E+14 sej.Urban animal food consumption in emergy form was 172 times that of vegetarian diet,while its rural animal food consumption value in emergy form was only 079 times that of vegetarian diet.The difference of food consumption quality between urban and rural residents was about 20 years based on the change tendency of Chinese urban and rural resident food consumption structure,and its difference degree was gradually increasing in recent years.As the farmers have the double identities as both agricultural producers and consumer,the rural resident food consumption is relatively more stable than urban resident food consumption.As it needs more agricultural resources to produce the same quantity of animal food than vegetarian food,the change tendency of Chinese urban and rural resident food consumption will put more pressure on agricultural production and food security