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Distribution, speciation and availability of antimony (Sb) in soils and terrestrial plants from an active Sb mining area |
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| Authors: | Gudny Okkenhaug Yong-Guan ZhuLei Luo Ming LeiXi Li Jan Mulder |
| Affiliation: | a Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway b Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevaal Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway c Department of Soil Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China d State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China e College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China |
| Abstract: | Here, we present one of the first studies investigating the mobility, solubility and the speciation-dependent in-situ bioaccumulation of antimony (Sb) in an active Sb mining area (Xikuangshan, China). Total Sb concentrations in soils are high (527-11,798 mg kg−1), and all soils, including those taken from a paddy field and a vegetable garden, show a high bioavailable Sb fraction (6.3-748 mg kg−1), dominated by Sb(V). Elevated concentrations in native plant species (109-4029 mg kg−1) underpin this. Both chemical equilibrium studies and XANES data suggest the presence of Ca[Sb(OH)6]2, controlling Sb solubility. A very close relationship was found between the citric acid extractable Sb in plants and water or sulfate extractable Sb in soil, indicating that citric acid extractable Sb content in plants may be a better predictor for bioavailable Sb in soil than total acid digestible Sb plant content. |
| Keywords: | Antimony Sb mining soil Ca[Sb(OH)6]2 Sequential extraction Plant uptake |
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