生物气溶胶研究进展:环境与气候效应

生物气溶胶是大气气溶胶的一个重要组成部分,在大气中的扩散、传播会引发人类的急慢性疾病以及动植物疾病。生物气溶胶还可以间接影响全球气候变化,并对大气化学和物理过程有着潜在的重要影响。相关研究已成为国际研究的热点,也逐渐得到更广泛的关注。生物气溶胶中的几类生物体(如真菌、细菌和藻类)都被鉴别出是有效的云凝结核(CCN),并在以活性CCN的形式存在。当生物气溶胶与有机物(OC)碰撞接触时可以改变大气中OC的化学组成并改变其CCN特性,从而影响云量并间接影响全球气候变化。空气中的微生物也是影响空气质量的重要因素之一,相关研究主要集中于室内空气细菌、病毒、真菌等生物体的监测及来源调查。而对生物气溶胶的准确测定依赖于采样的有效性,为了减少采样中的误差和活性损失,近年来开发了一些具有应用前景的在线采集、分析技术,如自动拉曼光谱、时间飞行质谱等。分布在大气中的生物气溶胶同样可以遵从传输路线进行长距离传输,而且不同类型的生物气溶胶在大气中具有不同的浓度和时空分布模式。文章对国内外学者近年来在大气生物气溶胶环境效应、样品采集、监测分析以及分布和传输方面的研究进展作了较系统的综述。

Environment and climate effect of bioaerosol: A review

Bioaerosols are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols and its transport should be related to spread of human,animal and plant disease epidemics.Bioaerosols have indirect effect on the alteration of the global climate and atmospheric process.International bioaerosol research has been developing very rapidly during the last two decades,and the area has received an addi-tional spike of attention.Several types of biological organisms(e.g.,fungi,bacteria,and algae)have been identified as effective cloud condensation nuclei(CCN),being active in cloud.The bioaerosols have potential role in modifying the chemical composition of other organic compounds upon collision or contact,and hence inducing changes in the IN or CCN ability of organics in atmos-phere,and implicating them in the alteration of cloud coverage and hence the global climate.Airborne microorganism also has im-pact on air quality,and most research has focused on the source and monitoring of indoor bioaerosols such as fungi,bacteria and allergens.The sample validity is very important for bioaerosols measurement.Some new and applicable on-line sampling and analy-sis technologies,such as Raman Spectroscopic techniques and Time-of-fight Mass Spectrometer,have been developed to reduce sampling error and improve living efficiency of organisms.The atmospheric bioaerosols can be transported for a long range follow-ing some routines,and the temporal and spatial distribution is dependent on the kind of bioaerosol.The recent studies on environ-ment effect,sampling,analysis,distribution and transportation of bioaerosols are reviewed.