达里诺尔湖水体DOM荧光特征及其来源解析

达里诺尔湖（简称“达里湖”）是内蒙古自治区高原地区重要的生态屏障，探究达里湖水质状况及污染来源，对加强流域水环境治理、改善水环境质量具有十分重要的意义.于2018年9月及2019年6月对湖水进行采样，并通过三维荧光光谱结合PARAFAC（平行因子分析）模型，探究达里湖水体DOM（溶解性有机质）来源及其与水质的关系.结果表明:①达里湖水体中pH较高，ρ（DOC）（DOC为溶解性有机碳）、ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（TP）相对较高，均超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类水质标准限值.②水体中DOM含4种荧光组分.夏季水体DOM主要分布于河流入湖口附近，其中，类腐殖质荧光组分（紫外区类富里酸和可见区类富里酸）占总组分的62.93%，类蛋白类荧光组分（类色氨酸和类酪氨酸）占总组分的36.07%；秋季水体DOM主要分布于东南侧，其中，类腐殖质荧光组分占总组分的40.52%，类蛋白类荧光组分占总组分的59.48%.③达里湖采样点荧光参数表明，达里湖DOM自生源特征较强，腐殖化程度较低.类腐殖质荧光组分与ρ（DOC）、ρ（Chla）均呈正相关，类色氨酸荧光组分与pH呈正相关，类络氨酸与ρ（DTN）、ρ（NH4+-N）、ρ（DTP）均呈正相关.研究显示，达里湖DOM具有陆源与生物源双重特性，DOM的形成与微生物、细菌、浮游生物的生命活动密切相关. 

Fluorescence Characteristics and Source Analysis of Dissolved Organic Matter in Dali-Nor Lake

Dali-Nor Lake (referred to as 'Dali Lake') is an important ecological barrier in the plateau of Inner Mongolia. It is of great significance to explore the current situation of water quality and analyze the pollution sources of Dali Lake for strengthening the basin management of the water environment and improve the quality of the water environment. Lake samples were collected in September 2018 and June 2019, and analyzed using the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to investigate the source of DOM and its relationship with water quality. The results showed that: (1) The pH of Dali Lake was relatively high, and the average concentrations of nutrients including ρ(DOC), ρ(NH₄+-N) and ρ(TP) were also relatively high, all exceeding Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002) Class V water quality standard limit. (2) A total of 4 fluorescent components were observed in DOM. In summer, DOM is mainly distributed near the river mouth, humic-like fluorescent components (ultraviolet-like fulvic acid and visible-range fulvic acid) accounted for 62.93% of the total fluorescent components, while protein-like fluorescent components (tryptophan and tyrosine) accounted for 36.07%. In autumn, DOM mainly distributed on the southeast side, humus-like fluorescent components accounted for 40.52%, and protein-like fluorescent components accounted for 59.48%. (3) Across all the sampling sites, the fluorescence parameters indicated that the bio-source characteristics of DOM from Dali Lake were strong whereas the humification degree was low. The humic-like fluorescent component had a positive correlation with ρ(DOC) and ρ(Chla), the tryptophan-like fluorescent component had a positive correlation with pH, and the tyrosine-like component had a positive relationship with ρ(DTN), ρ(NH₄+-N) and ρ(DTP). This study shows that the DOM of Dali Lake has dual characteristics of terrestrial and biological sources, and the formation of DOM is closely related to the life activities of microorganisms, bacteria, and plankton.