碳中和愿景的科技需求与技术路径

碳达峰与碳中和愿景的提出为我国低碳/脱碳发展明确了新方向,也对科技创新和技术发展提出了新要求。世界各国均将科技创新作为碳中和目标实现的重要保障。我国实现碳中和目标,归根结底也需要依靠科技进步。我国碳排放总量大、强度高,实现碳中和目标的时间周期短,现有技术尚存在不足,科技发展需要付出更多努力并提前部署。我国碳中和技术发展需要为保障我国碳排放高质量达峰和实现碳中和目标提供技术可行、经济可承受的科技支撑。各部门需要结合自身特点制定技术发展路径。"十四五"是碳达峰与碳中和目标实现的关键时期,应全面加强相关脱碳、零碳、负排放技术发展的全局性部署,加快开展研发示范。为了更好地推动面向碳中和愿景的科技发展,需要强化顶层设计、完善保障机制与加强国际合作。

Technology Demands and Approach of Carbon Neutrality Vision

Commitment to have CO₂ emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 points out a new direction for China''s low-carbon development and raises new requirements on technological innovation. Countries around the world regard technological innovation as the major prerequisite to achieve the carbon neutrality objective. For China, it is also the science and technology that should be depended on to achieve the carbon targets in the final analysis. With the large amount and high intensity of total carbon emissions, China has a shorter cycle to achieve the carbon neutrality objective. Considering the shortcomings of existing technologies, more efforts should be devoted to research and deployment in advance. Technically feasible and economically affordable technological support should be provided to ensure the high-quality fulfillment of carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality objective. Sectors should formulate specific pathways of technological development regarding their needs and current conditions. The 14th Five-Year Plan period is the critical period for the carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality objective. The overall deployment favoring low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies should be comprehensively reinforced, and demonstration should be expedited. Strengthening the top-level design, supporting measures and international cooperation are also essentially needed.