行业全过程水特征污染物和优控污染物清单筛选技术研究及其在常州市纺织染整业的应用

特征污染物和优控污染物筛选技术主要针对流域和水体环境，缺乏从行业全过程角度对问题进行研究，行业层面的筛选技术仍不成熟.基于清洁生产全过程管控理念，通过资料收集、现场考察和水样检测分析，对行业全过程污染物排放特征进行分析，形成行业特征污染物清单调查和筛选技术；在将特征污染物与已有清单比对的基础上，对其暴露性、持久性、毒性进行赋分排序，采用综合评分法形成行业优控污染物清单筛选技术，并将该筛选技术方法在常州市纺织染整行业开展应用.结果表明:①通过全流程考察，结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪90%匹配度下的水样检测结果，最终得到纺织染整行业特征污染物清单中共含199种物质，其中以苯系物、脂类、烷烃和醇类为主(占比为65.3%).②纺织染整行业优控污染物清单中共含39种物质，包括13种苯系物、3种卤代烃、5种醇类、5种脂类、1种醛类、2种酮类、3种醚类、1种呋喃类、6种重金属.研究显示，运用行业特征污染物和优控污染物清单调查和筛选技术，可较为科学和有效地得到常州市纺织染整行业特征污染物清单和优控污染物清单. 

Screening Technology of Water Characteristic Pollutants and Priority Pollutants List from Whole-Process of Industry and Its Application in Textile Dyeing and Finishing Industry of Changzhou City

The screening technologies for characteristic pollutants and priority pollutants are mainly aimed at the river basin and water environment. However, there is still a lack of research from the perspective of the whole-process of the industry, and the screening technologies at the industrial level are not mature yet. This study is based on the concepts of cleaner production and whole-process management and control. Through data collection, field investigation, water sample detection and analysis, the industry''s pollutant discharge characteristics were analyzed from the whole-process perspective, and the investigation and screening technology for industrial characteristic pollutant list was formed. Then, by comparing the pollutants with those in the existing lists and ranking their properties of exposure, persistence and toxicity, the screening technology of industrial priority pollutants list was studied and developed by comprehensive scoring method, and the technology and method were further applied to the textile dyeing and finishing industry in Changzhou City. The results show that: (1) Through the whole-process investigation and GC-MS detection results (substances 90% matching degree), the final characteristic pollutants list contains 199 pollutants, of which benzene series, lipids, alkanes and alcohols are the main pollutants, accounting for 65.3% of all pollutants. (2) There are 39 pollutants in the priority pollutant list for the textile dyeing and finishing industry, including 13 benzene series substances, 3 halogenated hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 lipids, 1 aldehyde, 2 ketones, 3 ethers, 1 furan and 6 heavy metals. This research shows that the characteristic pollutant list and priority pollutant list for the textile dyeing and finishing industry in Changzhou City could be scientifically and effectively established by using the investigation and screening technology obtained in this study.