特殊植物类群空气凤梨对大气污染物甲醛的净化

空气凤梨是一类生长在空气中、不需要土壤、生长所需的水分和营养可以全部来自空气的特殊植物。它们常被用来指示与修复大气重金属污染物和有机污染物,但尚未应用于甲醛净化研究。为了探讨空气凤梨对甲醛的净化效果,我们以2种空气凤梨为实验材料,吊兰为对照材料,通过密封箱内甲醛熏蒸及在封闭的实际环境中进行了实验。结果表明,松萝铁兰、硬叶空凤和吊兰3种植物在甲醛胁迫下,外部形态和生理指标有一定的变化,但未受到明显的伤害。更重要的是,3种植物对甲醛均有相当强的净化作用。6～8 h后,2种空气凤梨对甲醛的净化可达到与吊兰相近的效果。而在2 h内,空气凤梨净化甲醛的速度远远大于吊兰,这可能是与空气凤梨叶片表面覆盖有亲水性的鳞片层有关。上述结果表明,空气凤梨是比吊兰更快速有效地净化甲醛的植物类群,可选择应用于室内甲醛污染去除。

Purification of air pollutant-formaldehyde with special plant group-epiphytic Tillandsia

Epiphytic Tillandsia species uptake nutrients and moistures directly from the atmosphere, so they are often used for monitoring atmospheric heavy metal pollutants and organic pollutants, but have not been applied to the study of purifying formaldehyde yet. Two species of Tillandsia, i.e. T. usneoides and T. stricta, as well as Chlorophytum malayense, were exploited to test their ability of removing formaldehyde under two different conditions, i.e. sealed glass boxes and closed laboratory. Although the morphology and physiology of these plants had some changes, no obvious damages were suffered under formaldehyde stress. After 6~8 hours of purification with three plants, two species of Tillandsia achieved similar results with Chlorophytum. However, the speed that Tillandsia purifying formaldehyde was much higher than Chlorophytum within first 2 hours, which may due to the existence of the foliar hydrophilic trichomes on the leave surface of Tillandsia. The above results suggested that Tillandsia could purify formaldehyde more rapidly and efficiently than Chlorophytum, and it could be applied to remove indoor formaldehyde pollutant.