模拟酸雨条件下Cd2+在土壤及其矿物表面的解吸动力学特征

利用流动搅动法研究在模拟酸雨条件下土壤和矿物表面Cd2+的解吸动力学特征,结果表明,Cd²⁺的解吸动力学能用一级动力学描述,红壤和针铁矿上Cd²⁺解吸率为70%～100%,砖红壤和高岭土上解吸率为25%～50%;砖红壤上Cd²⁺解吸动力学可用扩散方程描述,但该方程并不适合描述红壤、针铁矿和高岭土上Cd²⁺的解吸;Elovich方程在描述Cd²⁺解吸时比双常数方程和抛物线扩散方程要好,这也说明Cd²⁺的解吸为一非均相扩散过程.Cd²⁺的解吸过程分为快反应和慢反应,快反应过程在60min内完成(除砖红壤外),随后达到平衡状态.Cd²⁺在土壤表面的快反应与交换态Cd²⁺有关,边面羟基化的键合点位与Cd²⁺亲和力的不同是导致Cd²⁺解吸速率和解吸量差异的原因.流出液pH值的上升反映出土壤表面存在质子的消耗,这可能与硫酸根的专性吸附释放羟基和矿物表面的质子化有关,这在砖红壤上表现得特别明显.

Kinetic Characteristics of Cd2+ Desorption in Minerals and Soils under Simulated Acid Rain

The kinetic characteristics of Cd2+ desorption in minerals and soils under simulated acid rain were studied by using the flow-stirred method. It showed that Cd2+ desorption could be described by first-order kinetics. Percents of desorption amounts of Cd2+ calculated were 70%-100% in red soil and goethite, and 25%-50% in latosols and kaolinite. Parabolic diffusion could describe Cd2+ desorption kinetics in latosols and not suitable for red soil and goethite and kaolinite. Cd2+ desorption, regarded as a heterogeneous diffusion in minerals and soils, could be fitted by Elovich equation more than Parabolic diffusion and two-constant equation. Cd2+ desorption could be divided into fast reaction and slow reaction. Except for latosols, fast reaction would be over during 60 min and be close to quasi-equilibrium. Adsorption forms of Cd2+ in soil surface could be exchangeable and specific. Fast reaction was relative to easily desorbed Cd2+. The affinity of edge hydroxyl to Cd2+ would lead to the difference of Cd2+ desorption rate and amounts. Increase of pH value in effluent indicated H+ consumption in the processes of Cd2+ desorption.