DNA barcoding of Pacific Canada’s fishes |
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Authors: | Dirk Steinke Tyler S Zemlak James A Boutillier Paul D N Hebert |
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Institution: | (1) Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, 579 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada;(2) Present address: Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada;(3) Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada |
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Abstract: | DNA barcoding—sequencing a standard region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI)—promises a rapid, accurate means of identifying animals to a species level. This study establishes that
sequence variability in the barcode region permits discrimination of 98% of 201 fish species from the Canadian Pacific. The
average sequence variation within species was 0.25%, while the average distance separating species within genera was 3.75%.
The latter value was considerably lower than values reported in other studies, reflecting the dominance of the Canadian fauna
by members of the young and highly diverse genus Sebastes. Although most sebastids possessed distinctive COI sequences, four species did not. As a partial offset to these cases, the
barcode records indicated the presence of a new, broadly distributed species of Paraliparis and the possibility that Paraliparis pectoralis is actually a species pair. The present study shows that most fish species in Pacific Canadian waters correspond to a single,
tightly cohesive array of barcode sequences that are distinct from those of any other species, but also highlights some taxonomic
issues that need further investigation. |
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