沙尘暴产生的环境管理体制根源分析及对策研究

以在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟和浑善达克沙地所做的实地调研为基础,对沙尘暴产生及治理环节中的政策和体制问题进行了探讨.分析表明,政策和体制问题才是沙尘暴问题的根源所在:以"自给自足"为核心目标的农业政策与环境政策的不协调和草地资源的公共产权是造成草地退化的诱因,在沙尘暴的治理中存在的责任机制不当、生态建设投资机制不当、草原建设管理缺位以及草原生态环境监管低效等政策和体制中存在的缺陷是沙尘暴无法得到有效控制的根本阻力.提出首先要通过协调农业和环保政策、实施可持续贸易,从源头上减少对资源的需求,从而预防沙尘暴的产生;其次要重点从明确职责和加强基层环保力量入手,提升沙尘暴的治理能力.

Environmental Governance Analysis of the Root Causes of Sandstorms in China

Why hasn't land desertification been controlled efficiently? What are the root causes of sandstorms in China? Based on a field survey in XilinGol Prefecture and Hunshandake sand land in Inner Mongolia,this paper gives an analysis on the governance causes for sandstorms problem in China.The study results indicate that the governance problems are actually the root causes of the generation and inefficient control of sandstorms."Self-sufficiency"-targeted agricultural policies and common property of grassland are the inducement of grassland degradation.Meanwhile,the factors of improper responsibility assignment mechanism, improper ecological restoration investment mechanism,absence of grassland restoration management and inefficiency of supervision mechanism are all the restrictions for efficient control of sandstorms in China.To solve the problems above, the authors suggest that firstly,we should coordinate targets of current agricultural policy and environmental policy in order to reduce resources demand and prevent sandstorms from its sources.Secondly,we should enhance the governance capacity in sandstorm control,focusing on clarifying duties and strengthening the government human resources for environmental protection in rural areas.