1956--2005年上海气象灾害时空变化分析

根据上海市历史气象灾害资料，对1956---2005年上海5种气象灾害的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：①从时问变化来看，气象灾害年际变化呈波动上升趋势；从各灾种来看，1956--1985年影响上海的5种气象灾害发生的次数基本均衡，而1986—2005年暴雨洪涝和大风两种灾害成为影响上海的主要气象灾害。②从空间变化上看，浦东新区和崇明县为气象灾害高发区，而闵行区和金山区为低发区；对各灾种来说，除暴雨洪涝的发生次数和频度在市区最高外，其余4种气象灾害均是在浦东新区最高，而暴雨洪涝是各区发生次数和频度最高的，龙卷风则是最低的。

Analysis on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Shanghai Meteorological Disasters in 1956 - 2005

According to the history of major meteorological disasters material of Shanghai,the time and spatial distribution of main six types d meteorological disasters was analyzed in Shanghai from 1956 to 2005. The conclusion was：（1）From the aspect of time,meteorological disasters interannual variability in fluctuation fised; 1956---1985 influence Shanghai 5 kinds of meteorological disasters happened times basic equilibrium. And 1986--- 2005 by flood and winds disasters Became the main influence Shanghai meteorological disastem. （2）At the aspect of spatial distribution,meteorological disasters had high incidence in Pudong New Area and Chongming County, and had low incidence in Minhang Area and Jinshan Area. Except for flood was the highest frequency in Downtown,the rest 4 kinds of meteorological disasters were the highest frequency in Pudong New Area, and flood disaster was attached to the number and frequency of the highest oceurred,a tornado was the lowest.