| Abstract: | The body of information presented in this paper is provided as an orientation to instrument developers and users, and those individuals concerned with the measurement of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. A system concept is presented and shows six unit operations comprising a complete measurement system. These operations include sample site selection, sample transport, sample treatment, sample analysis, data reduction and display, and data interpretation. Five measurement approaches are discussed. The first two involve sample extraction from within the stack. The remaining three are new techniques using conventional and advanced electro-optical methods. The new approaches include in situ monitoring, remote sensing, and long-path sensing. Attention is focused on the performance requirements of interface systems required to couple analyzers to sources for sample extraction. Current status of instrumentation is summarized in terms of commercially available systems, research and prototype developments, and feasibility studies for each of the five approaches. |
