环境中丙烯酰胺检测方法和健康危害的研究进展

丙烯酰胺广泛应用于工业生产,是一种潜在的环境污染物。本文从丙烯酰胺的检测方法和健康危害2个方面总结了目前的研究进展。检测方法上,以高效液相色谱-质谱串联法(HPLC-MS/MS)最为常用,一些新技术也逐渐应用到分析中。健康危害方面,丙烯酰胺可引起实验生物的神经、生殖、遗传和发育等毒性和潜在致癌性。其毒性机理为:直接损坏神经元;使活性氧(ROS)积累导致氧化损伤;诱发基因位点突变,或与DNA形成加合物而致其损伤等。鉴于目前研究存在的问题,对以后的工作进行了展望:加强监管与治理工作,保护生态环境和人类健康;深入开展丙烯酰胺对生物体的毒性效应研究;加强我国环境中丙烯酰胺的跟踪监测工作;建立一种快捷的生物测试系统来评估水体(尤其是海洋环境)中丙烯酰胺的毒性风险。

Advances in the Research on the Detection Methods and Health Hazard of Acrylamide in the Environment

Acrylamide (AM) has caused widespread concern because it is a potential environmental pollutant and has toxicity to living organisms. AM was used widely in industrial production and existed in some foods so it accessed to human being and other organisms inevitably. In this paper, advances in the research on the detection methods and health hazard of AM were summarized. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was the most commonly used method, and some new technologies were also gradually applied. In terms of health hazard, AM caused neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity to animals in laboratory. The toxicity mechanism includes direct neuron damage, oxidative damage caused by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), gene locus mutation, and admixture with DNA. The concentration of AM in the environment should be tracked and monitored and its toxic effect on organisms should be studied thoroughly and comprehensively. The supervision and governance of AM discharge would be strengthened to protect the ecological environment and human health, and furthermore a rapid biological testing system to assess the risk of AM in water, especially in marine environment, would be established.