曝气技术对黑臭水体治理效果影响的研究进展

城市水体黑臭已成为全球重要的水污染问题，对黑臭水体的治理已经刻不容缓.曝气技术在提高黑臭水体自净能力方面发挥着重要作用，为了深刻理解曝气技术对黑臭水体水质的提升效果及其对污染物去除效果的影响，综述了曝气对黑臭水体复氧效率以及对黑臭水体中污染物去除率的影响.结果表明:①不同曝气技术的复氧效率不同，纯氧曝气复氧效率最高，达70%.②单独曝气能有效地去除黑臭水体中的污染物，NH₄+-N、COD_Cr和BOD₅的去除率范围分别为3.2%~45.6%、19.5%~84.8%和56.4%~88.2%，同等条件下，曝气与其他技术结合使得污染物去除率显著增加，综合治理后水中污染物去除率在46.8%~98.7%之间，底泥曝气下污染物的去除率比水曝气下污染物的去除率高20%以上.③曝气深度、曝气时间和曝气强度都影响水中污染物的去除率，但对其影响程度不同，且都存在各自的边界条件；另外，曝气强度影响细菌的优势类群，曝气增加了氨氧化菌和反硝化菌的数量及组成.目前仍存在不同曝气技术的复氧效率、曝气边界条件优化、曝气对污染物迁移转化规律、曝气对微生物群落影响等方面研究不足的问题，建议未来我国曝气技术在以下几方面加强研究:①加强不同曝气技术复氧效率的研究；②加强曝气对污染物去除机理研究；③加强曝气边界条件的优化研究；④加强曝气对功能微生物的影响机理研究. 

Research Progress on the Effect of Aeration on Urban Black-Odor Water Ecosystem

Urban black-odorous water ecosystem has become an important problem of water pollution in the world, so the treatment of black-odorous water is urgent. Aeration plays an important role in water purification in black-odorous water. In order to understand the remediation effect of aeration on water purification and its impact on water pollution, the remediation effects of aeration and its impact on pollutant in black-odorous water were summarized. The remediation effect of aeration on the re-oxygenation and pollutants in black-odorous water is described. The results showed that the re-oxygenation efficiency of different aeration equipment was different. The efficiency of pure oxygen aeration is the highest, up to 70%. Under the same conditions, the combination of aeration and other technologies could remove pollutants better. The decreasing rate of NH₄+-N, COD_Cr and BOD₅ concentration in water ranges from 3.2% to 45.6%、from 19.5% to 84.8%, and from 56.4% to 88.2%, respectively. The decreasing rate (46.8%-98.7%) of pollutant concentration after sediment aeration is more than 20% higher than that of water aeration. Aeration depth, aeration time and aeration intensity affect the decreasing rate of pollutant concentration between different pollutants, but there are optimum removal conditions. Aeration intensity affects the dominant groups of bacteria, while aeration increases the number and composition of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. However, there is still insufficient research on the re-oxygenation effect of different aeration types, the optimization of aeration boundary conditions, the migration and transfer of heavy metals and organic compounds, and microbial communities. Therefore, we suggest that further studies on aeration focus on strengthening:(1) The study on the re-oxygenation efficiency of different aeration types; (2) The study on the mechanism of the influence of aeration on pollutants; (3) The optimization of aeration boundary conditions; (4) The study on the mechanism of the influence of aeration on functional microorganisms.