合肥城郊典型农业小流域土壤磷形态及淋失风险分析

为掌握合肥城郊二十埠河某农业小流域土壤磷形态及淋失风险水平,在汇水区采集132份表层土壤样.在分析测试基础上,利用ArcGIS软件中Kriging插值模拟技术,解析总磷(TP)、生物有效性磷(Bio-P)的空间分布特征及土壤有效磷(OlsenP)和易解吸磷(CaCl_2-P)的空间变异性;剖析土壤磷素富集水平;并通过确定土壤磷素的淋失临界值,评估汇水区土壤磷素流失风险.结果表明,汇流区土壤TP和Bio-P含量较高的采样点位主要出现在左支流的上游和两支流交汇处的右侧局部区域;土壤磷形态富集系数由大到小排序为:Ca-P(15.01)OP(4.16)TP(3.42)IP(2.94)Ex-P(2.76)Fe/Al-P(2.43)Olsen-P(2.34);土壤有效磷淋失临界值为18.388 mg·kg~(-1),超过临界值的样本数占样本总数的16.6%,高淋失风险区主要分布在左支流上游、右支流中游及两支流汇流处下游的局部地区.

Soil Phosphorus Forms and Leaching Risk in a Typically Agricultural Catchment of Hefei Suburban

To investigate the soil phosphorus forms and leaching risk in a typically agricultural catchment of Ershibu River in Hefei Suburban, Chaohu Lake basin, 132 surface soil samples were collected from the catchment area. The spatial distribution of total phosphorus (TP) and bio-available phosphorus (Bio-P), and the spatial variability of soil available phosphorus (Olsen-P) and easy desorption phosphorus (CaCl₂-P) were analyzed using the Kriging technology of ArcGIS after speciation analysis of soil phosphorus. Moreover, the enrichment level of soil phosphorus was studied, and the phosphorus leaching risk was evaluated through determining the leaching threshold value of soil phosphorus. The results showed that the samples with high contents of TP and Bio-P mainly located in the upstream of the left tributary and on the right side of local area where two tributaries converged. The enrichment rates of soil phosphorus forms were arranged as follows: Ca-P (15.01) > OP(4.16) > TP (3.42) > IP (2.94) > Ex-P (2.76) > Fe/Al-P (2.43) > Olsen-P (2.34). The critical value of Olsen-P leaching was 18.388 mg ·kg^-1, and the leaching samples with values higher than the threshold value accounted for 16.6% of total samples. Generally, the high-risk areas mainly occurred in the upstream of the left tributary, the middle of the right tributary and the local area of the downstream of the area where two tributaries converged.