北京市混凝土搅拌站颗粒物排放特征研究

随着北京市经济发展和人口增长,城市建设规模及居民住房需求加大,全市施工面积不断上升,对商用混凝土的需求量也在逐年增加.混凝土生产过程中会排放大量颗粒物,对周边空气质量造成较大的影响,但目前对其污染物排放的时空特征还缺乏系统研究.本研究采用排放因子法,核算了1991~2012年北京市混凝土搅拌站颗粒物排放量,分析了污染物排放的时空分布特征,采用蒙特卡罗分析方法定量评估了颗粒物排放量不确定性范围,并基于相关经济和环境发展规划,预测了北京市2020年混凝土搅拌站颗粒物排放情况.结果表明:①北京市混凝土搅拌站颗粒物排放在时间变化上呈现"前高后低"趋势在2005年达到最大,此后随着环境管理水平的提高和绿色生产,搅拌站颗粒物排放增长势头得到一定的控制.②在空间分布上,污染排放仍集中在城区,主要为人口活动密集的六环以内,其中又以五环到六环之间最为集中.③通过情景设置和分析本研究认为要使2020年污染排放得到较好地削减,应实施更加严格的绿色生产标准和环境监管.

Characteristic of Particulate Emissions from Concrete Batching in Beijing

With the economic development and population growth in Beijing, there is a strong need for construction and housing, which leads to the increase of the construction areas. Meanwhile, as a local provided material, the production of concrete has been raised. In the process of concrete production by concrete batching, there are numerous particulates emitted, which have large effect on the atmospheric environment, however, systematic study about the tempo-spatial characteristics of pollutant emission from concrete batching is still rare. In this study, we estimated the emission of particulates from concrete batching from 1991 to 2012 using emission factor method, analyzed the tempo-spatial characteristics of pollutant emission, established the uncertainty range by adopting Monte-Carlo method, and predicted the future emission in 2020 based on the relative environmental and economical policies. The results showed that: 1the emissions of particulates from concrete batching showed a trend of "first increase and then decrease", reaching the maximum in 2005, and then decreased due to stricter emission standard and enhanced environmental management. 2 according to spatial distribution, the emission of particulates from concrete batch mainly concentrated in the urban area with more human activities, and the area between the fifth ring and the sixth ring contributed the most. 3 through scenarios analysis, for further reducing the emission from concrete batching in 2020, more stricter standard for green production as well as powerful supervision is needed.