树叶烟尘中的有机碳和元素碳

为了探讨不同燃烧条件下树叶烟尘中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)及8种碳组分(OC1~OC4、POC、EC1~EC3)的质量分数及分布,利用自制的燃烧采样装置,对10种绿叶进行了阴、明燃两种条件的燃烧,并用热/光碳分析仪对产生的烟尘进行了测定.结果表明,10种绿叶阴燃烟尘中的OC、EC质量分数均值分别为48.9%和4.5%,焦炭char-EC(定义为EC1-POC)的质量分数均值为4.4%.该条件下绿叶燃烧的烟尘(PM)、OC及EC的排放因子均值分别为102.4、50.0和4.7 g·kg-1,烟尘中OC/EC、OC1/OC2及焦炭和炭灰的比值char-EC/soot-EC(定义为EC1-POC/EC2+EC3)的均值分别为11.5、1.9和48.1.明燃条件下,10种绿叶烟尘中OC、EC及char-EC的质量分数均值分别为44.9%、10.9%和10.7%,PM、OC及EC的排放因子均值分别为59.2、26.6和6.0 g·kg-1.10种绿叶明燃烟尘中上述三特征比值的均值分别为4.8、1.1和133.0.树叶阴燃烟尘中OC1质量分数及OC1/OC2值均显著高于明燃,而明燃烟尘中的char-EC质量分数及char-EC/soot-EC显著大于阴燃.树叶烟尘中OC、EC的组成在不同树种及燃烧条件间均体现出一些差异,同时也明显区别于其他生物质烟尘.

Organic and Element Carbon in Foliar Smoke

A home-made combustion and sampling apparatus was used to burn green leaves under flaming and smoldering conditions and to collect the smoke generated. The smoke was measured with Organic/Elemental Carbon (OC/EC) Analyzer using IMPROVE thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) method, to investigate the mass fractions and the distribution of OC, EC and eight carbon fractions in foliar smoke. The results showed that in smoldering condition, the mean OC, EC mass fractions of ten foliar smokes were 48.9% and 4.5%, respectively. The mean mass fraction of char-EC (EC1-POC) was 4.4%. The average emission factors (EF) of particulate matters, OC and EC in smoldering foliar smoke were 102.4g·kg^-1, 50.0g·kg^-1 and 4.7g·kg^-1, respectively. The mean ratios of OC/EC, OC1/OC2 and char-EC/soot-EC (EC1-POC/EC2+EC3) in this condition were 11.5, 1.9 and 48.1, respectively. For the foliar smoke emitted in flaming condition, the mean mass fractions of OC, EC and char-EC were 44.9%, 10.9% and 10.7%, respectively. The average EF of PM, OC and EC in flaming smoke were 59.2g·kg^-1, 26.6g·kg^-1 and 6.0g·kg^-1. And the three ratios mentioned above in this condition were 4.8, 1.1 and 133.0, respectively. In conclusion, foliar smoke had higher OC1 mass fractions and OC1/OC2 values in smoldering condition. While flaming foliar smoke had higher char-EC mass fractions and char-EC/soot-EC values. The compositions of OC, EC in foliar smoke varied between different tree species and different combustion conditions. The composition was also obviously different from those of other biomass smoke.