城市公共场所人群拥挤踩踏事故分析

城市公共场所人群高度聚集、流动性大,紧急状态时常发生群死群伤的拥挤踩踏事故,造成大量人员伤亡和恶劣的社会影响。笔者首先提出拥挤踩踏事故分析的一般方法,并用群集指数来表征人群高度聚集这一参量;通过对近年来国内外人群拥挤踩踏事故的分析,认为该类事故以人群高度聚集为条件,由公众造成又危害公众,具有诱因众多、发生突然、难以控制等特点;强调事故预防和控制重点是建立事故应急机制,加强人群的管理和疏导等;同时从公共场所的性能优化设计、人群素质和群集密度、人群管理控制以及信息交流等方面分析其事故原因及提出相应对策,对预防此类事故发生,减少群集伤亡有重要意义。

Analysis of Accident due to Swarm and Jostlement at Urban Public Place

Highly crowded massive people with high mobility at urban public place usually cause accident of high casualty due to swarm and jostlement resulted in negative social impact. The general method of analysis for swarm and jostlement accident is put forward, in which the crowd index is used to designate the parameter of swarm. Based on the analysis of such accidents occurred at home and abroad in recent years, it is considered that high concentration of people is the precondition of such accident, it is caused by public and in turn hurts the public with the characteristics of multiple inducer, sudden occurrence, and hard-to-control and so on. In order to prevent and control this kind of accident, the emergency mechanism is necessary for prevention and control of the accident and for reinforcing the regulation and evacuation of massive people. Relevant countermeasures should be taken based on the analysis of public performance-based optimized design, crowd quality and density, crowd regulation and control, and information exchange. All these are significant in preventing such accident and reducing the number of casualty.