Woodland conservation in privately-owned cultural landscapes: the English experience |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada;2. Trent School of The Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada;1. Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia;2. Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;2. Environmental Sciences Ph.D. Program, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;1. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 N. Park St., Madison, WI 53703, USA;2. Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, RI 02912, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center, University of Arizona, 1064 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;4. Limnological Research Center, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;5. University of Cincinnati, 500 Geology/Physics Building, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper reviews the development of approaches to the conservation of woodland on private lands in England since 1949. In England, the majority of woodland sites important for nature conservation are small, isolated amongst open habitats, with a long history of management. Conservation of wildlife has since 1949 had a strong focus on private lands. Two approaches to protection have been adopted. Firstly about 80,000 ha of English woods are within statutorily protected sites; the degree of protection for these has increased through successive legislation in 1949, 1981 and 2001. Secondly, since 1985 wildlife protection has been achieved on private lands outside the protected sites through general statutory forestry policies. There has also been an increasing trend for active promotion of voluntary nature conservation through forestry incentives and grants, and the setting of targets as part of the government’s biodiversity action plan. The variety of ways in which woodland may be protected (to differing degrees) in England has enabled effective protection to be achieved over a greater area of woodland than would have been possible through nature reserves alone. These approaches may be relevant in other countries where woodland occurs as part of a cultural landscape. |
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