Side effects of categorized environmental measures and their implications for impact analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Potsdam, Germany;2. University of Bern, Switzerland;1. Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29080 Málaga, Spain;2. Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-Universidad de Granada), Avenida de las Palmeras n° 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain;3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Muelle de Levante s/n, Apdo. 2609, 11006 Cádiz, Spain;4. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Environmental measures have sometimes unintended side effects. The paper focuses on side effects that are the result of relations and feedback mechanisms between economic activities and industries in production–consumption chains. The theoretical framework of the chain analysis tools, life cycle assessment and substance flow analysis is used to define five different types of environmental measures: volume measures (1), efficiency measures (2), end-of-pipe emission reduction measures (3), re-use and recycling (4) and useful application of waste products (5). Each of these types of measures can re-direct substance flow in a different process, thus causing pollutant emissions to the environment to shift to similar or other emissions upstream or downstream in the economic chain. Using this categorization, the occurrence of a number of different processes that can lead to side effects can be predicted. |
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