Integrating economics and ecology to protect nature on private lands: models,methods, and mindsets |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, Room 121, Ross Hall, P.O. Box 3985, Laramie, WY 82071-3985, USA;2. Department of Economics, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104-3189, USA;1. Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China;2. Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China;3. Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Hanayashiki-Midorigaoka, Takarazuka City, Japan;1. International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Bijltjespad 30B, 1018 KH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France;2. Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (TIMR), EA4297, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France;3. Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;1. Science and Technology Division, Okinawa National College of Technology, 905 Henoko, Nago, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan;2. Makino Herbarium, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan;1. VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, California;2. Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California |
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| Abstract: | Protecting nature on private lands presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The challenge is to protect both private landowner concerns and the biological needs of the environment; the opportunity is the need to better integrate the disciplines of ecology and economics. Such integration offers scientists the prospect of gaining more understanding about the complexities that arise in the protection of human-dominated environments. Integration also can help policy-makers make more informed decisions about how to manage private lands by adding insight into the efficacy and efficiency of alternative choices that try to balance private rights with the public gains. Integration occurs at several different levels, ranging from accounting for feedbacks between both economics and ecology within formal models to incorporating diverse methods of control to link the multiple objectives of various interest groups and people. In this paper, we discuss three illustrative examples of integration—models, methods, and mindsets—that show how one can combine economics and ecology to address the challenge of protecting nature on private lands. We explore how the explicit process of connecting disciplines can help create and refine economic incentive mechanisms that satisfy the goals set by biological needs, landowner choices, and political realities. |
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