青岛市在用港作机械排放特性

利用车载排放测试系统（PEMS）对青岛港内的港作机械污染物排放进行测定尤其是不同类型港作机械在典型工况下的排放特征，同时，计算港作机械的排放因子.结果表明，港作机械作业工况排放速率最大，是怠速工况的1.34~2.66倍，当港作机械功率高于130kW时，上述数据攀升为4.18~41.56倍，对于大功率港作机械来说，怠速工况难以较好地反映作业工况下的实际排放量.通过基于排放因子的分析，CO，THC与NO_x排放因子在3个工况下均较为接近，差距在2倍以内.但是大气颗粒物（PM）排放因子体现了不同规律，部分机械作业工况下的PM排放因子是怠速工况下的10倍以上.使用时间超过4500h，污染物排放量增加，尤其是叉车的污染物排放因子高出1.64~8.25倍.港作机械实际排放水平较非道路机械平均水平高出1.5~2倍.利用双怠速检测法发现不同排放标准间CO、THC与PM排放水平差距在1.73~5.38倍，但是NO_x排放水平过于相近，不能有效区分.

In-use cargo handling equipment emission characteristics of Qingdao

The vehicle portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to study the pollutant emission from harbor machinery in Qingdao Port. The emission characteristics of different types of harbor machinery were summarized under different conditions, and the emission factors of harbor machinery were calculated. The results showed that emission rate of harbor machinery under working condition was 1.34~2.66 times higher than that under idle condition. When the harbor machinery power was higher than 130kW, the emission rates climbed to 4.18~41.56 times. For high-power harbor machinery, emission status under idle condition could hardly reflect the actual emissions rates under working condition. Based on the analysis of fuel-based emission factors, the trend of CO, THC and NO_x emission factors were consistent under three conditions. The PM emission factors reflected different characteristics. PM emission factors under working conditions were 10 times higher than that under idle conditions. When the service time exceeded 4500 hours, the pollutant emission significantly increased, especially for forklift trucks, which was 1.64~8.25 times higher than before. The actual emission level of harbor machinery was 1.5~2 times higher than the average level of non-road machinery. It could be found that the difference of CO, THC and PM emission levels among different emission standards was 1.73~5.38 times using two-idle speed method, but the level of NO_x emission was too close and undistinguishable.