重庆市湿地生态系统服务约束关系

以重庆市湿地资源为研究对象，利用InVEST模型分别计算了2000，2005，2010和2015年的水资源供给服务和水土保持服务，并利用分位数分割法，分别从景观水平和生态区水平这2个研究尺度上研究了水资源供给服务和水土保持服务间的约束关系.结果表明：（1）2000~2015年重庆市湿地的水资源供给服务呈现先下降后上升的趋势，2000年水资源供给为395.41×10⁴mm，2010年下降到238.89×10⁴mm，之后又上升到2015年的286.36×10⁴mm；水土保持服务呈逐年上升的趋势，从2000年的85.74×10⁶t上升到2015年的364.73×10⁶t.（2）2000~2015年期间湖泊湿地和水田湿地的水源供给总量呈先下降后上升的趋势；河流湿地与水库湿地的水源供给量呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势；沼泽湿地的水资源供给一直处于下降趋势.（3）2000~2015年期间湖泊湿地、水库湿地及水田湿地的水土保持服务呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势；河流湿地的水土保持量呈一直上升趋势；沼泽湿地的水土保持服务呈先上升后下降的趋势.（4）在景观水平上，2000~2015年湿地水资源供给服务和水土保持服务间全部呈驼峰型约束关系.生态区水平上，2000~2015年水库湿地的水资源供给服务和水土保持服务间呈双驼峰约束、指数约束和驼峰型约束关系；河流湿地呈双驼峰约束和驼峰约束关系；水田湿地呈驼峰型约束关系.

Constraints relationship of wetland ecosystem services in Chongqing

Wetlands in Chongqing were picked up as cases to elucidate constraint relationship of ecosystem services. First, we calculated the services of water supply and conservation of water and soil at the year nodes of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 by using the InVEST model. Then, the constraint relationship between the service of water supply and the service of conservation of water and soil was investigated. The results indicated that from 2000 to 2015, service of water supply was first declined from 395.41×10⁴mm in 2000 to 238.89×10⁴mm in 2010 and then increased to 286.36×10⁴mm in 2015; meanwhile, the service of conservation of water and soil was increased from 85.74×10⁶t in 2000 to 364.73×10⁶t in 2015. Specifically, from 2000 to 2015, the total water supply for lake wetlands and paddy wetlands showed a first decreased and then increased trend, that for river wetlands and reservoir wetlands exhibited a converse trend, and that for swamp wetland showed a decreasing trend. Differently, from 2000 to 2015, the service of conservation of water and soil for lake wetlands, reservoir wetlands and paddy wetlands was first increased, and then decreased and again increased, that for river wetlands showed an increasing trend, and that for swamp wetland showed a first increased and then decreased trend. In addition, at the landscape level, there was a hump-shaped constraint effect between services of water supply and services of conservation of water and soil from 2000 to 2015; at the ecological level, from 2000 to 2015, there were double hump restraint, index constraint and hump-shaped constraint effect between these two kinds of services in the reservoir wetlands, the double hump restraint and hump-shaped constraint effect in the river wetland, and the hump-shaped constraint effect in the paddy wetland.