南京市雪水中有机磷阻燃剂的污染特征及健康风险评价

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪（HPLC-MS/MS）分析了南京雪水中的13种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（Organophosphate esters，OPEs），研究了其浓度水平及污染特征，利用主成分分析阐述了OPEs可能的来源，并评估了其健康风险.结果表明，雪水中共检出11种OPEs，11种检出OPEs总浓度水平范围为229.1~1175.0ng/L，平均浓度为746.0ng/L，其中∑₁₁OPEs的最大值区域为商业区和住宅区密集的马群，最小值区域为城郊的化工园区.磷酸三（1，3-二氯-2-丙基）酯（Tris（1，3-dichloropropyl）phosphate，TDCPP）和磷酸三（2-丁氧基乙基）酯（Tris（2-butoxyethyl）phosphate，TBEP）是雪水中主要的OPEs污染单体，两者的贡献率分别为26.6%、20.4%.主成分分析表明雪水中TBEP与磷酸三（2-氯异丙基）酯（Tris（1-chloro-2-propyl）phosphate，TCPP）、磷酸三甲酯（TriMethyl Phosphate，TMP）与磷酸三乙酯（Triethyl phosphate，TEP）两两之间可能存在共同的来源，大气的远距离迁移和干湿沉降可能是雪水中附着OPEs的重要原因.不同人群通过饮水摄入11种OPEs的日均暴露量范围为26.6~39.0ng/（kg·d），通过饮水摄入的OPEs的非致癌风险和致癌风险均低于理论风险值，研究区内雪水中OPEs所致人体健康风险处于较低水平.

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of organic phosphorus flame retardant in snow water of Nanjing

Thirteen types of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in snow water in the urban and suburban areas of Nanjing were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The concentrations, pollution characteristics and health risk were also studied along with the source analysis of OPEs. The results showed that 11 types of OPEs were detected in snow water. The total concentration of these 11 OPEs (∑₁₁OPEs) ranged from 229.1ng/L to 1175.0ng/L, with the average concentration of 746.0ng/L. The samples with highest concentration of OPEs were collected at Maqun, a dense commercial and residential district, and the samples with minimum concentration were collected at the chemical park in the suburbs. TDCPP and TBEP were the dominated OPEs congeners in snow water, and their contribution rates were 26.6% and 20.4%, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that there might be a common source shared by TBEP and TCPP, TMP and TEP in snow. The attachment of OPEs in snow water might be caused by the long-distance migration and atmospheric dry and wet. The daily exposure of ∑₁₁OPEs for different populations via drinking water was 26.6 to 39.0ng/(kg·d). The associated the non-cancer risk and carcinogenic risk of OPEs were lower than the theoretical risk values, which suggested that the human health risk caused by exposure to OPEs in snow water in the study area was at a low level.