石油石化重大工艺安全事故应急机制浅析

石油石化生产关键工艺设备或流程蕴藏的风险能量巨大,一旦发生事故,后果往往极其严重。分析了石油石化重大工艺安全事故专业性强、事故规模大、易形成连锁反应和诱发环境污染事件等3个典型特征。通过事故应急经验分析,研究提出了石油石化重大工艺安全事故应急工作需要遵循的风险辨识充分到位、专业应急保障有力、应急资源保障充足、企地联动迅速高效、社会舆论引导得力等5方面的重点应急策略。设计了工艺安全事故风险辨识与评估、专业应急队伍建设与能力提升、应急资源联合储备、区域应急联动和公共危机公关等5项石油石化企业重大工艺安全事故应急重点工作机制内容和建设要点。石油石化企业需要不断建立和完善5项应急工作机制,才能为重大工艺安全事故应急工作提供可靠保障。

Study on emergency mechanism for major process safety accidents in petroleum and petrochemical industry

Three features of major process safety accidents in petroleum and petrochemical industry, such as strong- ly professional, high accident harm and liability to secondary disaster were summarized in the paper. Combining with the accidents characteristics and practical situation, five key emergency tactics for these accidents were presented, including adequate risk identification, professional emergency organization, plentiful supply of emergency materials, efficient joint-action mechanism of government ＆ enterprise and fight-hand guidance of public opinions. Finally 5 work points of constructing perfect risk identification mechanism, training professional emergency team, establishing complete emergency conservation system, building efficient joint-action mechanism and practical emergency tactics for social crisis were analyzed in detail.