亚热带农区生态沟渠对农业径流中氮素迁移拦截效应研究

以我国亚热带农业面源污染防控工程——生态沟渠为研究对象,在2013~2014年对其径流量和每月进出口水质中NH~+_4-N、NO~-_3-N和TN的质量浓度进行监测,通过分析生态沟渠在不同时间段对不同形态氮素的去除差异,探讨了生态沟渠对面源污染中氮素迁移的拦截效应.结果表明,2 a内生态沟渠对NH~+_4-N、NO~-_3-N和TN的平均去除率分别为77.8%、58.3%和48.7%;拦截量分别为38.4、59.6和171.1 kg·a~(-1);进水中无机态氮NO~-_3-N和NH~+_4-N之和占TN质量分数的平均值为47.5%,出水中平均值为33.6%,比进水显著降低(P0.01).2014年生态沟渠中水生植物全部改种为绿狐尾藻后,对NO~-_3-N和TN的拦截率比2013年分别增加了30.5%和18.2%,表明种植绿狐尾藻进一步提升了生态沟渠对氮素的拦截能力.可见,生态沟渠对农区地表径流中氮素迁移有较好的拦截作用,可作为一项重要的农业面源氮污染防控技术.

Interception Effect of Ecological Ditch on Nitrogen Transport in Agricultural Runoff in Subtropical China

Interception effects of an ecological ditch, used to control agricultural non-point source pollution in subtropical China, on nitrogen transport in surface runoff were studied by monthly measuring the runoff volume and concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) and total nitrogen (TN) at the ditch inlet and outlet from 2013 to 2014. In addition, differences of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and TN removal were compared between 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the study ecological ditch worked effectively in N removal with average NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and TN removal rates of 77.8%, 58.3%, and 48.7%; and their interception rates were 38.4, 59.6,and 171.1 kg·a^-1, respectively. The average proportion of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N in TN was 47.5% at inlet, and 33.6% at outlet, which was significantly lower than that at inlet (P <0.01). All hydrophytes in the ecological ditch were replaced by Myriophyllum aquaticum in 2014, which led to the increased average NO₃^--N and TN removal rates of 30.5% and 18.2%, respectively, Compared to in 2013. The vegetation of Myriophyllum aquaticum was beneficial to the improvement of N interception in ecological ditch. These findings clearly demonstrated that ecological ditch can substantially reduce N loss from surface runoff and be used as an important technique to prevent agricultural non-point N pollution.