耕作方式对紫色水稻土团聚体中有机质及重金属的分布特征影响

通过长期定位试验,研究了常规平作(FPF)和水旱轮作(PR)这2种耕作方式下紫色水稻土不同粒径(1~2、0.25~1、0.05~0.25、0.05 mm)团聚体中有机质和重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe和Mn)的含量和分布特征,探讨了不同粒径团聚体中重金属与有机质的关系.结果表明,两种耕作方式下团聚体粒径组成均以0.05~0.25 mm和0.05 mm为主,土壤和各粒径团聚体中有机质含量均为常规平作高于水旱轮作,且随粒径的减小而降低.耕作方式对土壤重金属含量的影响不显著,但相比于PR,FPF有助于团聚体、有机质和重金属在1~2 mm和0.25~1 mm大粒径团聚体中聚集,降低其在0.05 mm和0.05~0.25 mm粒径团聚体中的分布.相关分析表明,土壤团聚体中重金属含量与有机质的含量呈负相关,它们的总量却呈正相关关系.同一耕作方式下,重金属对有机质变化的敏感程度为MnZnPbCuFeCd,而同一重金属元素对有机质变化的反应则为PR较FPF更敏感.

Effects of Tillage on Distribution of Heavy Metals and Organic Matter Within Purple Paddy Soil Aggregates

A long-term experiment was utilized to study the effects of tillage methods on the contents and distribution characteristics of organic matter and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe and Mn)in aggregates with different sizes (including 1-2, 0.25-1, 0.05-0.25 mm and<0.05 mm)in a purple paddy soil under two tillage methods including flooded paddy field (FPF) and paddy-upland rotation (PR). The relationship between heavy metals and organic matter in soil aggregates was also analyzed. The results showed that the aggregates of two tillage methods were dominated by 0.05-0.25 mm and<0.05 mm particle size, respectively. The contents of organic matter in each aggregate decreased with the decrease of aggregate sizes, however, compared to PR, FPF could significantly increase the contents of organic matter in soils and aggregates. The tillage methods did not significantly affect the contents of heavy metals in soils, but FPF could enhance the accumulation and distribution of aggregate, organic matter and heavy metals in aggregates with diameters of 1-2 mm and 0.25-1 mm. Correlation analysis found that there was a negative correlation between the contents of heavy metals and organic matter in soil aggregates, but a positive correlation between the amounts of heavy metal and organic matter accumulated in soil aggregates. From the slope of the correlation analysis equations, we could found that the sensitivities of heavy metals to the changes of soil organic matters followed the order of Mn >Zn >Pb >Cu >Fe >Cd under the same tillage. When it came to the same heavy metal, it was more sensitive in PR than in FPF.