葛洲坝水库鱼类群落结构特征研究

2009~2010年的5~6月和11~12月在葛洲坝库区进行了鱼类资源调查，分析了鱼类群落结构特征。调查期间共收集到鱼类6目10科55种，其中鲤科物种数最多，占总种数的673%。5~6月和11~12月的鱼类群落结构组成、Shannon Wiener多样性指数没有显著差异（〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005）。库区内优势种为贝氏〖FK（W1。1〗〖PS餐鱼1.eps〗〖FK）〗、鳊、〖FK（W1。1〗〖PS餐鱼1.eps〗〖FK）〗和蛇鮈，优势种个体较小，平均体长分别为914±157、2197±353、867±160和1025±223 mm。分析发现，静水缓流型和江湖洄游型鱼类是葛洲坝库区主要的鱼类类群，分别占渔获物重量的502%和465%。丰度生物量比较曲线显示，葛洲坝库区鱼类群落结构受到中度干扰。根据生态类群分析，葛洲坝库区的鱼类群落结构与三峡库区相似，但与葛洲坝坝下江段和建坝前流水环境的鱼类群落结构相比，有明显的差异，说明水文条件变化对鱼类群落结构有明显的影响

FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN GEZHOUBA RESERVIOR

Fish community structure were analyzed based on the investigation in Gezhouba Reservoir during May to June and November to December,2009-2010.The catches in the whole investigation consisted of 55 species belonging to 10 families,6 orders,and most were cyprinids,accounting for 67.3% of the total species number.There were no significant differences between the two sampling seasons in diversity and community structure.Hemiculter bleekeri,Parabramis pekinensis,Hemiculter leucisculus,Saurogobio dabryiwere were the most abundant species,with their average body length as 91.4±15.7 mm,219.7±35.3 mm,86.7±16.0 mm and 102.5±22.3 mm,respectively.With regard to ecological groups,lentic species and river-lake migratory species were dominated in the reservoir,accounting for 50.2% and 46.5%,respectively.Abundance biomass comparison curve showed that the fish community of Gezhouba Reservoir was affected moderately.Based on the ecological group analysis,the fish community structure of Gezhouba Reservoir was similar to that of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and obviously different from that in the previous catchment area of Gezhouba Dam and the section of Yichang before the construction of Gezhouba Dam in the Yangtze River.Altered hydrodynamics had a significant impact on fish community structure.