Assessment of cytotoxicity and toxicity for phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents |
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| Authors: | Maan Hayyan Mohd Ali Hashim Mohammed A Al-Saadi Adeeb Hayyan Inas M AlNashef Mohamed ES Mirghani |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;2. University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;3. Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | In this work, the cytotoxicity and toxicity of phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with three hydrogen bond donors, namely glycerine, ethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol were investigated. The cytotoxicity effect was tested using brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The toxicity was investigated using the two Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cytotoxicity of tested DESs was much higher than that of their individual components, indicating their toxicological behavior was different. It was also found that there was toxic effect on the studied bacteria, indicating their potential application as anti-bacterial agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the cytotoxicity and toxicity of phosphonium-based DESs were studied. |
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| Keywords: | Deep eutectic solvent Ionic liquid Cytotoxicity Toxicity Anti-bacteria Brine shrimp |
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