Predictors of urinary bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite concentrations in Mexican children |
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Authors: | Ryan C. Lewis,John D. Meeker,Karen E. Peterson,Joyce M. Lee,Gerry G. Pace,Alejandra Cantoral,Martha Maria Té llez-Rojo |
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Affiliation: | 1. University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;2. University of Michigan, Center for Human Growth and Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA;4. University of Michigan, Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit (CHEAR), Ann Arbor, MI, USA;5. NSF International, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;6. National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico |
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Abstract: | Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates is prevalent among children and adolescents, but little is known regarding important sources of exposure at these sensitive life stages. In this study, we measured urinary concentrations of BPA and nine phthalate metabolites in 108 Mexican children aged 8–13 years. Associations of age, time of day, and questionnaire items on external environment, water use, and food container use with specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations were assessed, as were questionnaire items concerning the use of 17 personal care products in the past 48-h. As a secondary aim, third trimester urinary concentrations were measured in 99 mothers of these children, and the relationship between specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations at these two time points was explored. After adjusting for potential confounding by other personal care product use in the past 48-h, there were statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive associations in boys for cologne/perfume use and monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and in girls for colored cosmetics use and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), MEHHP, MEOHP, and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), conditioner use and MEP, deodorant use and MEP, and other hair products use and MBP. There was a statistically significant positive trend for the number of personal care products used in the past 48-h and log-MEP in girls. However, there were no statistically significant associations between the analytes and the other questionnaire items and there were no strong correlations between the analytes measured during the third trimester and at 8–13 years of age. We demonstrated that personal care product use is associated with exposure to multiple phthalates in children. Due to rapid development, children may be susceptible to impacts from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals; thus, reduced or delayed use of certain personal care products among children may be warranted. |
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Keywords: | BPA, bisphenol A ELEMENT, Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BBZP, butylbenzyl phthalate DBP, di-n-butyl phthalate DEHP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEP, diethyl phthalate DIBP, di-isobutyl-phthalate DOP, di-n-octyl phthalate FDA, Food and Drug Administration FSRA, forward stepwise regression analysis GM, geometric mean ID&ndash LC&ndash MS/MS, isotope dilution&ndash liquid chromatography&ndash tandem mass spectrometry LOQ, limit of quantitation MBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate MBZP, monobenzyl phthalate MCPP, mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate MECPP, mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate MEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate MEHHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate MEOHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate MEP, monoethyl phthalate MIBP, mono-isobutyl phthalate NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SG, specific gravity |
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