北京地区不同天气条件下气溶胶数浓度粒径分布特征研究

2012~2014年,在北京城区利用宽范围粒径谱仪(WPS-1000XP)对气溶胶数粒径分布特征进行观测,进而分析了不同季节与不同天气条件下气溶胶粒径分布的变化特征.结果表明,春季爱根核模态气溶胶日均数浓度值最高,秋季最低;春季和冬季积聚模态下日均数浓度较高,夏季最低;粗模态气溶胶日均浓度在冬季最高.爱根核模态粒子数浓度日变化特征最为显著,受交通源及夏季中午前后的光化学作用影响明显.春、秋、冬季积聚模态状态气溶胶数浓度夜晚高于白天,粗模态粒子没有明显的日变化特征.重污染过程中,积聚模态气溶胶对于PM_(2.5)质量浓度起到决定作用,通常需通过北风的清除才能有效降低PM_(2.5)浓度;降雨及降雪对粗模态粒子的清除效果较为明显,而小风和静风状态下,降水对积聚模态的气溶胶没有明显的清除作用;沙尘过程中,粗模态粒子浓度显著增加,而积聚模态气溶胶却被明显清除.

Characteristics of Number Concentration Size Distributions of Aerosols Under Different Weather Processes in Beijing

The aerosol number concentration size distributions were measured by a Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer (WPS-1000XP) at an urban site of Beijing from 2012 to 2014; and the characteristics of the size distributions in different seasons and weather conditions were discussed. The results showed that the daily average number concentration of Aitken mode aerosols was highest in the spring and lowest in the autumn; the daily average number concentration of accumulation mode aerosols was higher in the spring and winter, while lowest in summer; and the average concentration of coarse mode was highest during the winter. The Aitken mode particles had the most significant diurnal variations resulted from the traffic sources and the summer photochemical reactions. In the spring, autumn and winter, the number concentrations of accumulation mode of the nighttime was higher than that of the daytime. The coarse mode particles did not have obvious diurnal variation. During the heavy pollution process, the accumulation mode aerosols played a decisive role in PM_2.5 concentrations and was usually removed by the north wind. The precipitation could effectively eliminate the coarse mode particles, but it had no obvious effect on the accumulation mode particles under small speed wind and zero speed wind. During the dust process, the concentrations of coarse mode particles increased significantly, while the accumulation mode aerosol concentration was obviously decreased.