铜陵市河流沉积物中硝化和反硝化微生物分布特征

矿区河流不仅受到矿业活动带来污染物的影响,还受到区域内生活污水及农田退水中氮、磷和有机物的污染.本研究以铜陵市河流表层沉积物为研究对象,采用荧光定量PCR技术分析季节和污染类型对沉积物样品中硝化(amo A)和反硝化(nir S和nir K)功能基因丰度的影响.结果表明,沉积物样品中氨氧化古菌(AOA)和细菌(AOB)基因丰度变化范围分别为1.74×105~1.45×108copies·g-1和1.39×105~3.39×107copies·g-1,AOA平均丰度是AOB的4.39倍;反硝化基因(nir S和nir K基因)丰度变化范围分别为1.69×107~8.55×109copies·g-1和4.45×106~1.51×108copies·g-1,nir S基因平均丰度为nir K基因的28.35倍.沉积物AOA丰度呈现春季和秋季较高,夏季和冬季较低的趋势,而AOB在春季和冬季沉积物中的丰度高于夏季和秋季;反硝化基因丰度则表现为春季(nir S)/秋季(nir K)夏季冬季秋季(nir S)/春季(nir K).矿区周围以重金属为主要污染物的河流沉积物中两种amo A和nir S基因的丰度高于毗邻农田区域主要受到氮、磷及有机物污染的河流,后者的nir K基因丰度更高.

Distribution Characteristics of Nitrifiers and Denitrifiers in the River Sediments of Tongling City

Rivers in mining areas were influenced by contaminants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter due to domestic and agricultural wastewater discharge in addition to pollutants caused by mining activities. In this study, surface sediment samples of rivers in Tongling city were collected to address the effect of season and pollution type on the abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) technique targeting at the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) and nitrite reductase (nir) genes. The results showed that the average abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) (ranging from 1.74×10⁵ to 1.45×10⁸ copies ·g^-1) was 4.39 times that of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (ranging from 1.39×10⁵ to 3.39×10⁷ copies ·g^-1); and the average abundance of nirK gene (ranging from 4.45×10⁶ to 1.51×10⁸ copies ·g^-1) was almost a thirtieth part of nirS gene (ranging from 1.69×10⁷ to 8.55×10⁹ copies ·g^-1). The abundance of AOA was higher in spring and autumn, and lower in summer and winter. And sediment AOB abundance was higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn. Meanwhile, the abundance of nir genes was in the order of spring (nirS)/autumn (nirK)>summer > winter > autumn (nirS)/spring (nirK). Moreover, the abundance of bacterial and archaeal amoA and nirS genes in sediments influenced by mine pollution was generally higher than that in sediments influenced by agricultural non-point pollution, whereas the abundance of nirK gene showed an opposite trend.