山美水库沉积物氮磷和有机质污染特征及评价

为揭示山美水库沉积物中污染物的空间分布状况,测定了山美水库47个采样点(包含8个柱状样)的TN、TP及OM含量,分析了各污染因子之间的相关性以及C/N,并对山美水库沉积物的污染层进行了污染状况评价.结果表明,污染层TN平均含量为1 180 mg·kg~(-1),TP平均含量为642 mg·kg~(-1),OM的平均质量分数为3.30%.其中TN与TP含量随着深度加深到正常层呈现稳定或较低的状态.污染层C/N整体远高于普通湖泊,有机质大多由自然陆源贡献,少部分由浮游动植物及藻类转化而来.相关性分析表明TN、TP和OM三者之间都呈极显著相关,说明沉积物中氮磷多以有机形式存在,且具有一定同源性.评价结果中有机氮及有机指数都为尚清洁的状态,总磷为中度污染,接近重度污染.

Pollution Characteristics and Evaluation of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Organic Matter in Sediments of Shanmei Reservoir in Fujian, China

In order to illuminate pollutants distribution characteristics in sediment of Shanmei Reservoir, sediment samples at 47 sampling stations were collected (include 8 column samples), and concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter in the sediment of each station were measured. C/N and the correlation of TN,TP and OM were also analyzed. Finally, pollution assessment for contaminated layer sediments was conducted. The results showed that the average contents of TN,TP and OM(mass fraction) were 1180 mg ·kg^-1, 642 mg ·kg^-1 and 3.30% in the contaminated layer of sediments. Concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were low and stable at the depth of the normal layer. C/N of the contaminated layer of sediments was much higher than those in normal lakes, which showed that large part of OM came from natural land-based sources. Besides, a small part of OM came from phytoplankton, zooplankton and algae. Any two of TN,TP and OM were significantly correlated. This result showed that most of the nitrogen and phosphorus were in the organic form, and they came from similar sources. Evaluation results showed that both organic index and organic nitrogen belonged to the clean category. TP was at a moderate pollution level but not far from the category of heavy pollution.