特许物权变动中寻租行为的衍生路径及抑制

特许物权是自然资源用益物权。特许物权变动是指特许物权的设立、变更和终止行为。自然资源的稀缺性特征是为其变动过程被政府管制的重要原因,我国法律即采取特许物权变动行政许可制度,是国家为减少自然资源开发中的外部性问题而对私人权益实施的强制性干预。特许物权变动行政许可制度弱化特许物权人的最大化收益,产生了价格不菲的经济租。部分特许物权人为了谋求自身利益的最大化,会做出各种努力旨在影响特许物权变动中行政许可的向度与强度。一旦寻租行为得逞,自然资源的法定变动路径将备受扭曲,社会总体福利下降。寻租行为在特许物权变动中的发生类型呈现出独占型寻租和竞争型寻租两种,但其有着共同的衍生路径。追踪寻租行为的发生脉路,可以洞察到自然资源特许物权变动中寻租衍生的特殊动因。可以通过合理化特许物权结构、规范特许物权变动秩序和强化行政许可权力制衡力度等措施来对寻租的动因加以有效抑制。

Derivation Path and Inhibition of Rent-seeking Behaviors in Alternation of Chartered Real Right

Chartered real right refers to the usufructuary right of natural resources while the alternation of chartered real right refers to the establishment,modification and termination of the chartered real right.The important reason why the alternation process of chartered real right is regulated by the government is mainly the scarcity of natural resources.The administrative license system for alteration of chartered real right is adopted by Chinese laws and it is a compulsory intervention imposed on the private rights by the government so as to reduce the externality in developing of natural resources.Administrative license system for the alternation of chartered real right has weakened the maximized benefits of the chartered holders of the right in rent and resulted in high economic rent as well.For the sake of maximum benefits,some chartered holders of the right in rent would make efforts to affect the dimension and the strength of administrative license in alteration of chartered real right.Once the rent-seeking behaviors take place successfully,the legal alternation path of natural resources would be distorted and the overall social welfare would be decreased.The rent-seeking behaviors in the alternation of chartered real right could be divided into two types,including exclusive rent-seeking and competitive rent-seeking,which have the common derivation path.The special derivation causes of rent-seeking behaviors in the alteration of chartered real right of natural resources can be divined by tracking the derivation path of the rent-seeking behavior,and as a result,the rent-seeking causes can be effectively inhibited by means of the measures such as the structural rationalization of the chartered real right,the normalization of alternation order of chartered real right and the enhancement of restriction strength of administrative license right and the like.