道路行车安全性虚拟评价方法研究

针对在道路建成之前很难对设计道路进行有效的安全性评价的问题,在介绍运行车速评价法、速度分布评价法、线形指数评价法和驾驶人工作负荷评价法等国外道路安全评价方法的基础上,提出包括运行车速与设计车速差、相邻路段运行车速差、速度降低因子、横向力系数变化因子以及路段间的加速度值等5个评价因子在内的道路安全评价模型,并确定了相应指标的评价标准.该方法的评价过程包括自行模式和互动模式.自行模式是在驾驶员模糊车速控制模型的基础上预测路段的运行车速,从而进行线形的安全评价;交互模式主要是在虚拟仿真的基础上对道路、隧道、桥梁的交通工程设施、照明等系统进行安全性评价.通过该评价方法可以在道路的设计阶段发现存在的行车安全性问题,通过修改设计或进行安全改善,提高道路的运营安全性.

Virtual assessment method for road operational safety

The present paper aims to introduce the author's study on the virtual assessment method for road operational safety.As is known,it has become a severe challenge to guarantee the road traffic safety both at the state and provincial levels of our country and in turn it is of great urgency to establish a preconstruction road safety assessment system so as to reduce the accidents caused by the multiple unexpected road-traffic factors.However,what the road designers can do is just based on road design standards and their empirical judgments.Based on the introduction of the foreign road safety assessment methods,including the operating speed method,speed distribution method,alignment indices method and driver work-load method,the authors of present paper are working to bring about a road safety assessment model,including roughly five factors,that is,the differences between operating speed and design speed,operating speed differences between adjacent road segments,speed reduction coefficient,changes in lateral force coefficient and acceleration on the road segments.Then,respective assessment standards were prepared.Literally speaking,the assessment model consists of auto mode and interaction mode.Herein,the former is used to evaluate the alignment safety according to the operating speed obtained from the driver fuzzy control model on the vehicle speeds while the latter is used to assess the safety probability on the traffic engineering facilities and lighting system of the roads,tunnels and bridges through virtual simulation.With the assessment done,the safety problems of design in designing phase can be found,and,at the same time,the road operation safety can be promoted and improved through the design modification.All the application results of ours show that the method can be taken as an effective means for the road operational safety amelioration.