珠江三角洲土地利用变化及其对城市化发展的响应

城市化程度跟城市的土地利用变化关系密切,是城市可持续发展的重要研究内容之一。珠江三角洲是中国第二大经济区,研究其土地利用变化对城市化发展的响应对于珠江三角洲乃至中国沿海地区的生态环境可持续发展以及城市规划具有重要意义。利用珠江三角洲2000、2005、2010、2015年4个时期土地利用数据,从土地利用动态度、面积转移矩阵与城市化水平等角度,采用曲线回归分析了土地利用变化对城市化发展的敏感度。结果表明:(1)珠江三角洲在2000-2015年期间,耕地减少2.66%,建设用地增加1.75%;(2)根据城市化水平和发展阶段将珠江三角洲城市分为三类,分别是处于后期成熟阶段的A类城市(如广州、珠海、深圳、佛山)、从中期加速阶段跨入后期成熟阶段的B类城市(如中山、东莞)以及一直处于中期加速阶段的C类城市(如肇庆、江门、惠州);(3)从土地利用变化对城市化发展的敏感度来看,A类城市中广州、深圳、佛山的草地敏感度最大,珠海的建设用地敏感度最大,B类城市中山和东莞的建设用地敏感度最大,C类城市中江门、肇庆建设用地的敏感度最大,惠州从林地逐渐过渡为建设用地敏感度最大。2000-2015年珠江三角洲经济越发达的城市,其发展过程对土地利用变化的影响逐年降低,中期加速阶段跨入成熟阶段的城市发展过程对土地利用变化的影响最显著,城市化更加理性的发展,与土地利用变化相互制约相互促进。

Land Use Change and Its Response to Urbanization in the Pearl River Delta

Urban land use change is closely related to the degree of urbanization, which is one of the important research contents of urban sustainable development. The Pearl River Delta is the second largest economically developed area in China. Studying the response of land use change to urbanization is of great significance to the sustainable development of ecological environment and urban planning in the Pearl River Delta and even the coastal areas of China. Based on the land use data of the Pearl River Delta in the four periods of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper analyzes the sensitivity of land use change to urbanization development by curve regression from the perspectives of land use dynamics, area transfer matrix and urbanization level. The result shows:(1) During the period 2000-2015, the crop land reduced by 2.66%, and the built-up area increased by 1.75%;(2) According to the level and stage of urbanization, cities in the Pearl River Delta was divided into three categories: category A, cities which are in the late mature stage(such as Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Foshan), category B, which haves entered the later mature stage from the medium-term acceleration stage(such as Zhongshan, Dongguan) and category C, which are in the mid-term acceleration stage(such as Zhaoqing, Jiangmen, Huizhou);And(3) in terms of the sensitivity of the responses of land use change to urbanization, the grassland sensitivity of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Foshan is the highest among the cities of category A, and Zhuhai has the greatest building land sensitivity. The building land sensitivity of Zhongshan and Dongguan is the highest among the cities of category B. The building land sensitivity of Jiangmen and Zhaoqing is the highest among the cities of category C, and the land use type with the highest sensitivity of Huizhou gradually transformed from forest land to building land. From 2000 to 2015, the impact of the more developed urban development process on land use change in the Pearl River Delta decreased year by year, The process of urban development, which has stepped into the mature stage in the mid-term acceleration stage, has the most significant impact on land-use change. The interaction between urbanization development and land-use change promotes each other.