福州市太阳总辐射变化特征及与PM、O3关系分析

太阳辐射是天气气候形成和演变的基本动力,也直接影响着近地层的空气质量,研究太阳辐射变化对空气质量的影响规律具有重要意义。基于2007-2018年福州市太阳总辐射、PM-(10)及2014-2018年PM2.5、O3观测资料,采用趋势分析、相关分析、对比分析等方法,研究福州市太阳总辐射的时间分布规律、变化特征及与PM、O3的相关关系。结果表明,(1)近12a福州市太阳年总辐射呈上升趋势,平均上升率为6.7%/10a,ρ(PM10)和ρ(PM2.5)年平均值呈现明显下降趋势,太阳年总辐射与ρ(PM)呈负相关关系。(2)福州市太阳总辐射7月最强、12月最弱,平均而言夏季(7-9月)太阳总辐射量最丰富,春季次之,冬季最少。(3)太阳日总辐射与ρ(O3)日均值、ρ(O3)–max–8h、IAQI(ρ(O3))呈现明显的正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.452、0.594、0.572,通过0.01显著性检验。(4)随着大气中ρ(PM)逐年降低,太阳总辐射量增加,又引起了O3污染日趋严重的问题,2017-2018年福州市O3污染明显加重,这与太阳辐射增强、气温异常偏高,日照时数明显偏多关系密切。(5)利用AQI(空气质量指数)评价空气质量后,太阳总辐射对空气质量从单一的影响ρ(PM)高低到主要影响ρ(PM)和ρ(O3)高低转变。研究结果揭示了《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)执行后,太阳总辐射与空气质量的相关关系取决于当天的首要污染物,进而决定并影响空气质量的好坏。

Analysis of the Variation Characteristics of the Total Solar Radiation and Its Relation with PM and O3 in Fuzhou

Solar radiation is the basic driving force for the formation and evolution of weather and climate,and also directly affects the air quality near the ground.It is of great significance to study the influence of solar radiation on air quality.Based on the observed data of total solar radiation and PM10 from 2007 to 2018,the data of PM2.5 and O3 from 2014 to 2018 in Fuzhou,the temporal distribution and variation characteristics of total solar radiation in Fuzhou and the relationship with PM and O3 were studied by methods of trend analysis,correlation analysis and comparative analysis.The results showed that:(1)In recent 12 years,the annual total solar radiation in Fuzhou showed an upward trend,with an average rising rate of 6.7%/10 a,and the annual average values ofρ(PM10)andρ(PM2.5)showed a significant downward trend.The annual total solar radiation had a negative correlation withρ(PM).(2)The total solar radiation in Fuzhou was the strongest in July and the weakest in December.On average,the total solar radiation quantity in summer(July–September)was the richest,followed by spring and the least in winter.(3)The daily total solar radiation was positively correlated with dailyρ(O3),ρ(O3)–max–8 h and IAQI(O3).The correlation coefficients were 0.452,0.594 and 0.572,respectively.The significance test was 0.01.(4)With the decrease ofρ(PM)and the increase of total solar radiation,the problem of O3 pollution became more and more serious.From 2017 to 2018,the ozone pollution in Fuzhou City increased significantly,which was closely related to the increase of solar radiation,the abnormal high temperature,and the more daily sunshine.And(5)after using AQI(air quality index)to evaluate air quality,the total solar radiation had a change from a single influence onρ(PM)to the main influence onρ(PM)andρ(O3).The results showed that after the implementation of the ambient air quality standards(GB3095-2012),the correlation between the total solar radiation and air quality depended on the primary pollutants of the day,and then determined and affected the air quality.