Participation in driver education/training courses during graduated driver licensing,and the effect of a time-discount on subsequent traffic offenses: Findings from the New Zealand Drivers Study |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;3. Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;4. Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;5. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan;6. Department of Industrial Engineering & Engineering Management, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts;7. Allan F. Williams, LLC, Bethesda, Maryland;1. University of Cambridge, UK;2. University of Greenwich, UK;3. Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK;4. University of Reading, UK;5. University of Sheffield, UK;1. School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;2. Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;3. School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;1. Institute for Breathing & Sleep, Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia;2. RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Bundoora, Australia;3. University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;4. Monash University, School of Psychological Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionThe New Zealand GDL includes a time-discount at the restricted license stage, for attendance at an approved driver education course. This is despite international evidence showing that earlier licensure associated with a time-discount can increase risk for newly licensed drivers.ObjectiveTo examine participation in driver education courses and especially those that qualify for a time-discount; compare the profiles of course participants with non-participants; examine reasons for participation; and examine the association between a time-discount and traffic offenses once fully licensed.MethodThis study was based on the New Zealand Drivers Study (NZDS), a prospective cohort study of newly licensed drivers. Data on driver education courses were obtained at the full license interview (n = 1763), driver license and traffic offense data from the NZ Driver Licence Registry, and other data at the NZDS interviews.Results94% had heard of and 49% (n = 868) participated in a defensive driving course (DDC). No other course had more than 1% participation. Compared with the others, the DDC group were young, non-Māori, and from an area of relatively low deprivation. Through GDL, the DDC group were relatively more compliant with the conditions, and less likely to crash or receive a traffic offense notice. The groups did not differ on personality, alcohol and drug use. The reason most (85%) attended a DDC was to get their full license sooner; 86% (n = 748) received a time-discount. The time-discount group were 40% more likely to receive a traffic offense notice on their full license; this reduced to 10% after controlling for other factors.Conclusion and practical implicationsThe results of this study, when viewed in conjunction with other NZ crash evidence, indicate that a time-discount should not be given for completing a DDC or Street Talk course. |
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