海南省森林生态补偿机制的社会经济影响分析

建立森林生态补偿机制能够部分或全都地实现森林生态效益的价值，体现出利益相关者之间的平等性，动员全社会参与森林生态系统的保育，更好地加强森林可持续经营的能力。本研究以海南省为案例，从居民问卷分析和机构调查分析入手，分析生态公益林区的生态环境和社会经济影响，讨论建立海南省生态补偿的管理机制。研究表明，大多数农户对生态补偿机制持赞同态度。从总体上看，生态补偿机制的建立对改善生态环境起到了很大的作用，但是农户得到森林生态补偿较低，难以有效地提高农户的生活水平。通过案例研究发现，林业管理机构和居民面临的共同困难是资金不足，由此带来生态公益林保护与周边地区经济发展之间的矛盾，表现为保护与地区经济收入的冲突，耕地面积减少与剩余劳动力的矛盾。在案例研究结果的基础上，探讨海南省森林生态补偿机制的核心问题，提出了海南省森林生态补偿机制的初步设想，包括科学制定地方性生态补偿标准、构建高效的地方管理机构，提高社区能力建设以及扩展生态补偿多元化融资渠道等。

Analysis on Socia-Economic Impact of Forest Eco-compensation Mechanism in Hainan Provice

The establishment of forest eco-compensation mechanism could realize the value of forest ecosystem services partly or thoroughly,stress the equality of the stakeholders, encourage public participation in forest ecosystem tendering and strengthen the capacity of sustainable management. Taking Hainan province as an example, this study focuses on the analysis of major socio-economic and ecological impacts of forest eco-compensation in Qiongzhong County, Lingshui County, and proposes the approaches and practices for the establishment of eco-compensation mechanism in Hainan province. Data was collected from household questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, and field observation. Altogether 120 households have been interviewed, and SPSS was applied for data analysis. Most of the respondents held a positive attitude toward the forest coo-compensation policy which contributed to the improvement of environmental quality. However, the forest protection has limited the opportunities for income growth of the local communities, who have never got sufficient compensation from either central or local governments. Insufficient financial support to forest institutions and local commtmities involved in forest management has led to major conflicts in forest management, such as the conflict between forest protection and local economic development, and decrease in arable land area and increase in surplus labor force. Based on the case study results, the core issues of forest eco-compensation mechanism in Hainan province were discussed. Finally, suggestions and recommendations which cover forest eco-compensation standards, management institutions, community capacity building and diversification of financing channels have been made for establishment of forest eco-compensation mechanism in Hainan.