江西香溪流域干湿季交替下底泥氮释放机制及其对流域氮输出的贡献

本研究通过对江西千烟洲香溪流域的氮输出进行长期监测,并对该流域内的底泥进行基于正交试验的氮释放规律模拟研究,评估干湿季节交替下底泥氮释放对流域氮输出的贡献.结果表明:1流域底泥在静态下TN释放速率最大值为36mg·(m2·d)-1,且随着时间的延续释放速率不断变小;2对底泥氮释放影响的主次顺序为:温度扰动p H,如将扰动视为误差项,温度和p H对底泥氮释放的影响均为极显著;3 TN释放速率与温度成正比例关系,随着温度升高,释放速率增大;酸性和碱性条件均能促进底泥氮释放,且酸性条件的促进作用更强;4流域底泥TN和有效氮含量变化范围分别为:414.7~899.6 mg·kg-1和17.5~58.9 mg·kg-1,有效氮占TN的质量分数为3%~10%;5流域在旱季TN输出浓度范围为0.58~2.40 mg·L-1,在雨季TN输出浓度范围为1.73~4.87 mg·L-1;流域底泥的氮释放通量约为106.34 kg·a-1,流域氮输出总量为864.15 kg·a-1,底泥的氮释放对流域水体氮输出的贡献率约为12.31%,底泥氮释放对流域水体富营养化的贡献应引起重视.

Nitrogen Release from Sediment Under Dry and Rainy Season Alternation and Its Contribution to N Export from Xiangxi Watershed in Jiangxi Province

In this study, N export from Xiangxi River Basin in Qianyanzhou station was measured by long-term monitoring, and simulation study on N release law from the sediment in watershed was carried out based on orthogonal experiment, and at last the contributions of N release from sediment to N transport from watershed under dry and rainy season alternation were estimated. The results showed that the maximum of TN release rate was 36 mg ·(m² ·d)^-1 in stable status, which decreased with increasing time; the impact of the three controlling factors on the N release followed the order of temperature > disturbance > pH, and the effect of temperature and pH on N release from the sediment was significant when disturbance was considered as the error term; TN release rate increased with increase of temperature, and acidic and alkaline conditions could also promote N release from sediment, wherein the effect of acidic conditions on N release was stronger; the changes of TN and available N content in sediment were 414.7-899.6 mg ·kg^-1 and 17.5-58.9 mg ·kg^-1, so the percentage of available N only accounted for 3%-10% of TN; the TN transport concentrations were 0.58-2.40 mg ·L^-1 and 1.73-4.87 mg ·L^-1 in dry and wet seasons, respectively, the N release flux from sediment was about 106.34 kg ·a^-1, the total N transport from watershed was 864.15 kg ·a^-1, and the contribution rate of N release from sediment to N transport from watershed was about 12.31%, so we should pay much attention to the contribution of N release from sediment to water eutrophication.