西藏湖泊沉积物重金属元素特征及生态风险评估

为了探究青藏高原湖泊沉积物中重金属的来源以及对生态环境的危害,本文分析了青藏高原共18个湖泊的表层沉积物样品.微量元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr、Co、Ni、As含量采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS,X-7series)测定,全氮全碳分析仪(Vario Max CN,Elementar,Germany)测定了湖泊沉积物中的总碳氮含量.18个湖泊沉积物中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr、Co、Ni、As这8种重金属平均含量分别为24.61、70.14、0.26、25.43、74.12、7.93、33.85、77.69 mg·kg-1.西藏湖泊沉积物中元素含量都要高于南极,但与人类活动频繁地区的湖泊沉积物重金属含量相比却较低,并且除了Cd、Ni和As之外都要低于西藏土壤背景值.运用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析法分析了湖泊沉积物中重金属元素的来源,结果表明Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、As受流域内土壤及大气沉降影响较大,而Cr主要受人类活动的影响.用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数进行生态风险评估并聚类分析的结果显示只有普莫雍错、龙木错和班公错的综合生态污染程度低,其他湖泊生态系统均有不同程度的潜在生态风险,别若则错具有最强的生态风险.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Core Sediments from Lakes of Tibet

To explore the source of heavy metals in lake sediments and their hazard to environment on Tibetan Plateau, China, heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni and As) levels in surface sediments of 18 lakes were investigated. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS, X-7 series) was used to determine the contents of heavy metals and the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in sediment samples were analyzed by element analyzer (Vario Max CN,Elementar,Germany). The average concentrations for Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni and As were 24.61 mg ·kg^-1, 70.14 mg ·kg^-1, 0.26 mg ·kg^-1, 25.43 mg ·kg^-1, 74.12 mg ·kg^-1, 7.93 mg ·kg^-1, 33.85 mg ·kg^-1, 77.69 mg ·kg^-1. It was found that heavy-metal concentrations in Tibet sediments were higher than those in Antarctic, but lower than those in the regions affected by anthropogenic activities. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Co in the samples were lower than the background values of Tibet. Correlation analysis and principal components analysis(PCA)were used to analyze the origins of heavy metals. The result showed that Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni and As came from soil in drainage basin and atmospheric deposition. Cr was mainly affected by human activities. Assessment on ecological risk of heavy metals was carried out using Hakanson's method and cluster analysis(CA). Assessment on ecological risk indicated that Pumoyum Co,Longmo Co and Bangong Co were at low risks, Bieruoze Co was at high ecological risk level and the other lakes were at different risk levels.