近岸工程施工期对海洋生物的影响及其减缓措施

近岸工程施工时,围海造堤、码头搭建、桥桩钻孔和航道疏浚等人为活动会引起周边海域环境的变化,进而对海洋中的藻类,无脊椎动物(浮游动物、虾蟹类、底栖动物)及鱼类的种群生物量、生产力/结构、繁殖及后代成活能力、生理结构及形态等产生影响。结合国内外研究成果,综述了近岸工程施工期所带来的悬浮物变化和爆破冲击波对海洋生物所产生的主要影响,并提出几点缓解影响的措施,以期为海洋污染防治和海洋生态系统保护提供依据。

Influences of Inshore Project Construction on Marine Biota and Their Mitigation Measures

During the construction of inshore projects,human activities such as reclamation embankment, wharf construction,borehole drilling for bridge piers,waterway dredging,and etc.would disturb the surrounding marine environment.Thus,the biomass,productivity and structure,reproduction and larva survival ability, physiological structure and morphology,and etc.of the marine species including algae,invertebrates and fish could be significantly influenced.To offer information for marine ecosystem protection and marine pollution prevention,main research findings about the impacts of changes in suspended sediment and blasting shock-wave on marine biota were presented.Meanwhile,some mitigation measures have been advanced for alleviating the negative effects of inshore project construction on marine biota.