公共建筑火灾风险评价方法研究

建筑物的火灾危险度包括火灾对建筑物本身的破坏以及对建筑物内部人员伤害两个方面.本文在古斯塔夫火灾危险度法和层次分析法的基础上,采用模糊数学中的一些方法对火灾危险源进行处理.将火灾风险定义若干因子,每个因子对应火灾危险源的不同特性.通过评价得出建筑物所属的安全等级以及一定区域内建筑火灾风险的排序.在评价过程中考虑控制风险的力量,特别是消防队控制风险的力量对建筑物火灾风险的影响,使评估结果更加合理准确.该方法可以使消防部队快捷迅速的了解辖区内重要公共建筑的安全情况,以及如何合理的布置消防站点,降低城市区域风险.

Study on Public Buildings Fire Risk Assessment Method

Public buildings fire risk includes GR(i.e.the damage to the building itself) and IR(i.e.the damage to people inside the building).Based on the Gustav Purt's fire risk assessment method and the AHP(analytical hierarchy process),this paper handles the fire hazards by using some methods of fuzzy-math.It defines the Appraisal parameters of fire risk assessment,and arranges them according to the different features of the fire hazards.By evaluation,we obtain the safety rank of the buildings and the fire risk order of the building fire hazards in certain areas.In the process of evaluation,we take into account the control ability of hazards,especially the fire brigade's risk control ability,which makes the results more reasonable and accurate.This method can enable the fire brigade to know timely the safety situation of the major public buildings in its area,and help them to arrange fire stations as well as to reduce the risk in urban areas.