工程复杂系统灾害形成与自愈防范原理研究

工程安全科学是涵盖机电工程、过程工程、信息论、系统论、控制论、耗散结构理论、医学、人文科学、社会科学的一门新兴科学。工程安全科学应该而且必将列入我国基础学科发展的行列。笔者探讨了工程安全科学的定义,重点研究工程活动中人-机-过程-环境复杂系统故障、事故发生发展及其防治、根除的规律,研究危险源隐患转化为危害或灾害的条件和影响因素及其监测、预防和控制。提出并讨论了工程系统灾害形成的机理,工程复杂系统灾害形成遵循的共性规律,工程复杂系统故障和事故的诊断预测以及灾害的防治原理。安全度既取决于危险又取决于控制能力。与故障作斗争是与疾病作斗争以另一种方式的延续。借鉴医学的“自主调理是治疗学的第一原理”和系统科学的自组织理论,提出并研究了故障自愈原理及安全的动态评价与灾害的自愈防范机制。该研究的理论和成果是落实科学发展观、促进人-机和谐和实现安全、绿色、节约型流程制造的重要途径。

Research on Disaster Formation in Complex Engineering System and Self-recovery Precaution

Engineering safety science is a newly emerged science which includes mechanical and electrical engineering process engineering, infomationism, systemtokgy, cybernetics, theory of dissipative structure, medicine, humanities and social science. Engineering safety science should definitely be added into the list of development of the national basic disciplines. The definition of engineering safety science is discussed, and primarily focuses on two aspects. For one, the occurrence, development, prevention and eradication laves of faults in complex system cornposed of men, machine, process and environment during engineering process. For the other, the preconditions, influencing factors, monitoring, prevention and control of the transformation from potential risk sources to real disaster. The formation mechanism of disaster in engineering system, the general formation law of disaster in complex engineering system, and the principles of fault and accident diagnosis, forecast and disasters prevention in complex engineering system have been raised and discussed. The degree of safety depends on both hazard itself and control ability. Fighting against faults of machines by human being is an extension of fighting against diseases. Using the ideas of self-recovery is the first therapeutic principle in medical science and self-organization theory in system science for reference, researches on the principle of fault self-recovery, dynamic evaluation of safety and the precaution mechanism of disasters self-recovery are presented and conducted. This is an important approach to realize scientific development viewpoint, to promote human-machine harmony, and to realize safe, green and economical process manufacture.