浅谈我国土壤问题特征及国外土壤环境管理经验借鉴

随着我国社会经济的发展,土壤污染问题逐渐显露。而且我国土壤环境问题及污染防治工作在相当长时间内没有得到应有的重视,土壤污染问题逐渐暴露。加强土壤环境管理是我国土壤环境保护的一项基础性工作,具有十分重要的意义。本文研究分析我国与国外土壤环境问题的差异,总结美国、荷兰、日本三个国家土壤环境管理的经验及其借鉴意义,综合考虑我国发展国情、土壤环境问题特征及土壤环境管理基础,确定我国土壤环境管理要依靠"行政推动和法律监管相结合",提出一个涵盖土壤环境法律法规、标准、技术和装备能力建设(监测、监管、监理、风险管控)、人员队伍建设的适应我国土壤环境问题特征的综合环境管理体系。

Discussion on Characteristics of Soil Environmental Problems in China and Foreign Experience Reference on Soil Environmental Management

With the development of society and economy in China, the soil pollution problems and its prevention work were not been paid enough attentions in a long durations, soil pollution has gradually becoming a critical environmental problem. Strengthening the soil environment management is a basic work of soil environmental protection in China. In this paper, differences of soil pollution characteristic between China and foreign countries were analyzed, and foreign experience on soil environmental management was summarized from USA, the Netherlands and Japan. Considering the development situation, characteristics of soil environmental problems and foundation of soil environmental management in China, we suggested that the soil environmental management in China should rely on the combination of administrative and legal supervision. On such a basis, a proposal on soil environment management of China was brought forth, including soil environmental laws and regulations, standards, technology and equipment capacity (monitoring, supervision, supervision and risk control).